Open Access

ARTICLE

Robust Image Watermarking Using LWT and Stochastic Gradient Firefly Algorithm

Sachin Sharma^1,*, Meena Malik², Chander Prabha³, Amal Al-Rasheed⁴, Mona Alduailij⁴, Sultan Almakdi⁵

1 Department of CSE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India
2 Deparmtent of CSE, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
3 Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
4 College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
5 Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran, 55461, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: Sachin Sharma. Email: