Open Access

ARTICLE

Multi-Tier Sentiment Analysis of Social Media Text Using Supervised Machine Learning

Hameedur Rahman¹, Junaid Tariq^2,*, M. Ali Masood¹, Ahmad F. Subahi³, Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf⁴, Youseef Alotaibi⁵

1 Department of Creative Technologies, Air University, E-9 Islamabad, 44230, Pakistan
2 Department of Computer Science, National University of Modern Languages, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
3 Department of Computer Science, University College of Al Jamoum, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21421, Saudi Arabia
4 Al-Nahrain Nano-Renewable Energy Research Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, 10072, Iraq
5 Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: Junaid Tariq. Email:

Computers, Materials & Continua 2023, 74(3), 5527-5543. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.033190

Received 10 June 2022; Accepted 28 September 2022; Issue published 28 December 2022

Abstract

Sentiment Analysis (SA) is often referred to as opinion mining. It is defined as the extraction, identification, or characterization of the sentiment from text. Generally, the sentiment of a textual document is classified into binary classes i.e., positive and negative. However, fine-grained classification provides a better insight into the sentiments. The downside is that fine-grained classification is more challenging as compared to binary. On the contrary, performance deteriorates significantly in the case of multi-class classification. In this study, pre-processing techniques and machine learning models for the multi-class classification of sentiments were explored. To augment the performance, a multi-layer classification model has been proposed. Owing to similitude with social media text, the movie reviews dataset has been used for the implementation. Supervised machine learning models namely Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, and Naïve Bayes models have been implemented for the task of sentiment classification. We have compared the models of single-layer architecture with multi-tier model. The results of Multi-tier model have slight improvement over the single-layer architecture. Moreover, multi-tier models have better recall which allow our proposed model to learn more context. We have discussed certain shortcomings of the model that will help researchers to design multi-tier models with more contextual information.

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