Open Access

ARTICLE

An Innovative Approach Utilizing Binary-View Transformer for Speech Recognition Task

Muhammad Babar Kamal¹, Arfat Ahmad Khan², Faizan Ahmed Khan³, Malik Muhammad Ali Shahid⁴, Chitapong Wechtaisong^2,*, Muhammad Daud Kamal⁵, Muhammad Junaid Ali⁶, Peerapong Uthansakul²

1 COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, 45550, Pakistan
2 Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
3 COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
4 COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
5 National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
6 Virtual University of Pakistan, Islamabad Campus, 45550, Pakistan

* Corresponding Author: Chitapong Wechtaisong. Email:

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022, 72(3), 5547-5562. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.024590

Received 23 October 2021; Accepted 26 November 2021; Issue published 21 April 2022

Abstract

The deep learning advancements have greatly improved the performance of speech recognition systems, and most recent systems are based on the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Overall, the RNN works fine with the small sequence data, but suffers from the gradient vanishing problem in case of large sequence. The transformer networks have neutralized this issue and have shown state-of-the-art results on sequential or speech-related data. Generally, in speech recognition, the input audio is converted into an image using Mel-spectrogram to illustrate frequencies and intensities. The image is classified by the machine learning mechanism to generate a classification transcript. However, the audio frequency in the image has low resolution and causing inaccurate predictions. This paper presents a novel end-to-end binary view transformer-based architecture for speech recognition to cope with the frequency resolution problem. Firstly, the input audio signal is transformed into a 2D image using Mel-spectrogram. Secondly, the modified universal transformers utilize the multi-head attention to derive contextual information and derive different speech-related features. Moreover, a feed-forward neural network is also deployed for classification. The proposed system has generated robust results on Google's speech command dataset with an accuracy of 95.16% and with minimal loss. The binary-view transformer eradicates the eventuality of the over-fitting problem by deploying a multi-view mechanism to diversify the input data, and multi-head attention captures multiple contexts from the data's feature map.

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