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Sankar Sennan¹, Kirubasri¹, Youseef Alotaibi², Digvijay Pandey^3,*, Saleh Alghamdi⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2159-2174, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025773 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) is a recent paradigm to improve human lifestyle. Nowadays, number devices are connected to the Internet drastically. Thus, the people can control and monitor the physical things in real-time without delay. The IoT plays a vital role in all kind of fields in our world such as agriculture, livestock, transport, and healthcare, grid system, connected home, elderly people carrying system, cypher physical system, retail, and intelligent systems. In IoT energy conservation is a challenging task, as the devices are made up of low-cost and low-power sensing devices and local processing. IoT… More >

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Mustafa Musa Jaber^1,2,*, Salman Yussof¹, Amer S. Elameer³, Leong Yeng Weng¹, Sura Khalil Abd^2,6, Anand Nayyar^4,5
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2175-2190, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023387 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Artificial intelligence plays an essential role in the medical and health industries. Deep convolution networks offer valuable services and help create automated systems to perform medical image analysis. However, convolution networks examine medical images effectively; such systems require high computational complexity when recognizing the same disease-affected region. Therefore, an optimized deep convolution network is utilized for analyzing disease-affected regions in this work. Different disease-related medical images are selected and examined pixel by pixel; this analysis uses the gray wolf optimized deep learning network. This method identifies affected pixels by the gray wolf hunting process. The More >

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Nguyen Van Thanh¹, Nguyen Hoang Hai^1,*, Nguyen Thi Kim Lan²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2191-2202, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026357 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Healthcare supply chains are under pressure to drive down costs because of digital business, shifting customer needs and new competition. Medical waste generated from medical facilities includes medical activities and daily-life activities of patients and their family members. According to statistics of the Department of Health Environmental Management, Vietnam currently has more than 13,500 medical facilities, including hospitals from central to provincial and district levels and private hospitals and medical facilities. Preventive medicine generates about 590 tons of medical waste/day and is estimated to be about 800 tons/day. Medical waste includes ordinary medical waste and… More >

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993

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Ashraf Ali^*, Omar A. Saraereh
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2203-2219, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025994 - 29 March 2022
Abstract The Internet has become an unavoidable trend of all things due to the rapid growth of networking technology, smart home technology encompasses a variety of sectors, including intelligent transportation, allowing users to communicate with anybody or any device at any time and from anywhere. However, most things are different now. Background: Structured data is a form of separated storage that slows down the rate at which everything is connected. Data pattern matching is commonly used in data connectivity and can help with the issues mentioned above. Aim: The present pattern matching system is ineffective due… More >

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855

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Akarachai Inthanil, Monthippa Uthansakul^*, Peerapong Uthansakul
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2221-2241, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.024390 - 29 March 2022
Abstract The shortcoming of Wi-Fi networks is that one user can access the router at a time. This drawback limits the system throughput and delay. This paper proposes a concept of Simultaneously Different Tx/Rx (SDTR) radiation patterns with only one antenna set at the router. Furthermore, these two patterns have to be simultaneously operated at the same time so that the system delay can be eased. An omni-directional pattern is employed at router for receiving mode so that the router can sense carrier signal from all directions. At the same time, the router launches a directional More >

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781

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Salman Khan¹, Mukhtaj Khan^1,2, Nadeem Iqbal¹, Mohd Amiruddin Abd Rahman^3,*, Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2243-2258, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.022901 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Piwi-interacting Ribonucleic acids (piRNAs) molecule is a well-known subclass of small non-coding RNA molecules that are mainly responsible for maintaining genome integrity, regulating gene expression, and germline stem cell maintenance by suppressing transposon elements. The piRNAs molecule can be used for the diagnosis of multiple tumor types and drug development. Due to the vital roles of the piRNA in computational biology, the identification of piRNAs has become an important area of research in computational biology. This paper proposes a two-layer predictor to improve the prediction of piRNAs and their function using deep learning methods. The More >

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T. Khatir^1,2, M. Bouchetara², K. Derrar², M. Djafri³, S. Khatir⁴, M. Abdel Wahab^5,6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2259-2273, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020879 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Braking efficiency is characterized by reduced braking time and distance, and therefore passenger safety depends on the design of the braking system. During the braking of a vehicle, the braking system must dissipate the kinetic energy by transforming it into heat energy. A too high temperature can lead to an almost total loss of braking efficiency. An excessive rise in brake temperature can also cause surface cracks extending to the outside edge of the drum friction surface. Heat transfer and temperature gradient, not to forget the vehicle's travel environment (high speed, heavy load, and steeply… More >

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1019

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Abdullah S. AL-Malaise AL-Ghamdi¹, Mahmoud Ragab^2,3,4,*, F. J. Alsolami⁵, Hani Choudhry^3,6, Ibrahim Rizqallah Alzahrani⁷
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2275-2289, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026226 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Industrial Control Systems (ICS) can be employed on the industrial processes in order to reduce the manual labor and handle the complicated industrial system processes as well as communicate effectively. Internet of Things (IoT) integrates numerous sets of sensors and devices via a data network enabling independent processes. The incorporation of the IoT in the industrial sector leads to the design of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which find use in water distribution system, power plants, etc. Since the IIoT is susceptible to different kinds of attacks due to the utilization of Internet connection, an… More >

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884

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Chia-Nan Wang¹, Hoang Tuyet Nhi Thai^1,*, Nguyen Van Thanh²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2291-2304, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025477 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Supplier selection is a vital part of the supply chain and is also a current issue that concerns businesses today as supplier quality directly affects the operations of the organization. Choosing the right supplier can help businesses increase productivity, competitiveness in the market, and profits without having to lower the quality of the products. However, choosing a supplier is not a simple matter, it requires businesses to consider many aspects about their suppliers. Therefore, the goal of this study is to propose an integrated model consisting of two models: Fuzzy Analytics Network Process (Fuzzy-ANP) model More >

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1144

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Abdelaziz A. Abdelhamid^1,3,*, Sultan R. Alotaibi²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2305-2321, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025739 - 29 March 2022
Abstract The design of microstrip antennas is a complex and time-consuming process, especially the step of searching for the best design parameters. Meanwhile, the performance of microstrip antennas can be improved using metamaterial, which results in a new class of antennas called metamaterial antenna. Several parameters affect the radiation loss and quality factor of this class of antennas, such as the antenna size. Recently, the optimal values of the design parameters of metamaterial antennas can be predicted using machine learning, which presents a better alternative to simulation tools and trial-and-error processes. However, the prediction accuracy depends… More >

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1007

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Sami Ullah¹, Muhammad Ramzan Talib^1,*, Toqir A. Rana^2,3, Muhammad Kashif Hanif¹, Muhammad Awais⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2323-2339, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025543 - 29 March 2022
Abstract In the current era of the internet, people use online media for conversation, discussion, chatting, and other similar purposes. Analysis of such material where more than one person is involved has a spate challenge as compared to other text analysis tasks. There are several approaches to identify users’ emotions from the conversational text for the English language, however regional or low resource languages have been neglected. The Urdu language is one of them and despite being used by millions of users across the globe, with the best of our knowledge there exists no work on… More >

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837

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Ibrahim M. Mehedi^1,2,*, Abdulah Jeza Aljohani^1,2, Md Mottahir Alam¹, Mohamed Mahmoud³, Mohammed J. Abdulaal¹, Muhammad Bilal^1,2, Waleed Alasmary⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2341-2355, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.022993 - 29 March 2022
Abstract The Ball and beam system (BBS) is an attractive laboratory experimental tool because of its inherent nonlinear and open-loop unstable properties. Designing an effective ball and beam system controller is a real challenge for researchers and engineers. In this paper, the control design technique is investigated by using Intelligent Dynamic Inversion (IDI) method for this nonlinear and unstable system. The proposed control law is an enhanced version of conventional Dynamic Inversion control incorporating an intelligent control element in it. The Moore-Penrose Generalized Inverse (MPGI) is used to invert the prescribed constraint dynamics to realize the More >

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981

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Fatimah Abdulrahman Alrawajeh¹, F. M. Allehiany², Ali Raza^3,*, Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen⁴, Tahir Nawaz Cheema⁵, Muhammad Rafiq⁶, Muhammad Mohsin⁷
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2357-2374, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.024604 - 29 March 2022
Abstract In 2021, most of the developing countries are fighting polio, and parents are concerned with the disabling of their children. Poliovirus transmits from person to person, which can infect the spinal cord, and paralyzes the parts of the body within a matter of hours. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 18 million currently healthy people could have been paralyzed by the virus during 1988–2020. Almost all countries but Pakistan, Afghanistan, and a few more have been declared polio-free. The mathematical modeling of poliovirus is studied in the population by categorizing it as susceptible individuals… More >

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791

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ARTICLE

Anuchit Aurairat, Boonyang Plangklang^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2375-2395, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025122 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Nowadays, the single state inverter for the grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems is becoming more and more popular as they can reduce circuit complexity resulting in less power losses of the inverter. This paper focuses on the use of model predictive control (MPC) to control a 3-phase and 2-level single-state grid-connected inverter in order to regulate the PV maximum power point (MPP). The algorithm of MPC scheme was done to measure the simultaneous current signal including predicting the next sampling current flow. The reference current (I_d*) was used to control the distribution of electrical power from the… More >

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917

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M. Inam¹, M. H. Dahri², M. R. Kamarudin³, A. Y. I. Ashyap³, M. H. Jamaluddin⁴, N. H. Sulaiman⁵, M. A. Khan⁶, Z. A. Shamsan^7,*, K. Almuhanna⁷, F. Alorifi⁷
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2397-2410, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025650 - 29 March 2022
Abstract This work provides the design and analysis of a single layer, linearly polarized millimeter wave reflectarray antenna with mutual coupling optimization. Detailed analysis was carried out at 26 GHz design frequency using the simulations of the reflectarray unit cells as well as the periodic reflectarray antenna. The simulated results were verified by the scattering parameter and far-field measurements of the unit cell and periodic arrays, respectively. A close agreement between the simulated and measured results was observed in all the cases. Apart from the unit cells and reflectarray, the waveguide and horn antenna were also fabricated… More >

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776

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Mubashir Ali¹, Anees Baqir², Hafiz Husnain Raza Sherazi^3,*, Asad Hussain⁴, Asma Hassan Alshehri⁵, Muhammad Ali Imran⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2411-2427, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.024704 - 29 March 2022
Abstract With the advent of technological advancements and the widespread Internet connectivity during the last couple of decades, social media platforms (such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram) have consumed a large proportion of time in our daily lives. People tend to stay alive on their social media with recent updates, as it has become the primary source of interaction within social circles. Although social media platforms offer several remarkable features but are simultaneously prone to various critical vulnerabilities. Recent studies have revealed a strong correlation between the usage of social media and associated mental health issues… More >

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894

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Thavavel Vaiyapuri¹, K. Priyadarshini², A. Hemlathadhevi³, M. Dhamodaran⁴, Ashit Kumar Dutta⁵, Irina V. Pustokhina^6,*, Denis A. Pustokhin⁷
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2429-2444, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026204 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Due to global financial crisis, risk management has received significant attention to avoid loss and maximize profit in any business. Since the financial crisis prediction (FCP) process is mainly based on data driven decision making and intelligent models, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models are widely utilized. This article introduces an intelligent feature selection with deep learning based financial risk assessment model (IFSDL-FRA). The proposed IFSDL-FRA technique aims to determine the financial crisis of a company or enterprise. In addition, the IFSDL-FRA technique involves the design of new water strider optimization algorithm based More >

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1234

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ARTICLE

Mohammad Hafiz Mohd Yusof^1,*, Abdullah Mohd Zin², Nurhizam Safie Mohd Satar²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2445-2466, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023571 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Due to polymorphic nature of malware attack, a signature-based analysis is no longer sufficient to solve polymorphic and stealth nature of malware attacks. On the other hand, state-of-the-art methods like deep learning require labelled dataset as a target to train a supervised model. This is unlikely to be the case in production network as the dataset is unstructured and has no label. Hence an unsupervised learning is recommended. Behavioral study is one of the techniques to elicit traffic pattern. However, studies have shown that existing behavioral intrusion detection model had a few issues which had… More >

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837

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Marwa M. Eid^1,*, Fawaz Alassery², Abdelhameed Ibrahim³, Bandar Abdullah Aloyaydi⁴, Hesham Arafat Ali^1,3, Shady Y. El-Mashad⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2467-2482, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025220 - 29 March 2022
Abstract The sample's hemoglobin and glucose levels can be determined by obtaining a blood sample from the human body using a needle and analyzing it. Hemoglobin (HGB) is a critical component of the human body because it transports oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. Calculating the HGB level is a critical step in any blood analysis job. The HGB levels often indicate whether a person is anemic or polycythemia vera. Constructing ensemble models by combining two or more base machine learning (ML) models can… More >

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734

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Khaled Mohamad Almustafa¹, Taiseer Abdalla Elfadil Eisa², Amani Abdulrahman Albraikan³, Mesfer Al Duhayyim^4,*, Manar Ahmed Hamza⁵, Abdelwahed Motwakel⁵, Ishfaq Yaseen⁵, Muhammad Imran Babar⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2483-2499, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.024688 - 29 March 2022
Abstract In recent years, Software Defined Networking (SDN) has become an important candidate for communication infrastructure in smart cities. It produces a drastic increase in the need for delivery of video services that are of high resolution, multiview, and large-scale in nature. However, this entity gets easily influenced by heterogeneous behaviour of the user's wireless link features that might reduce the quality of video stream for few or all clients. The development of SDN allows the emergence of new possibilities for complicated controlling of video conferences. Besides, multicast routing protocol with multiple constraints in terms of… More >

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783

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Muhammad Sanaullah^1,*, Muhammad Kashif², Babar Ahmad², Tauqeer Safdar², Mehdi Hassan³, Mohd Hilmi Hasan⁴, Amir Haider⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2501-2519, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021990 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Communication is a basic need of every human being to exchange thoughts and interact with the society. Acute peoples usually confab through different spoken languages, whereas deaf people cannot do so. Therefore, the Sign Language (SL) is the communication medium of such people for their conversation and interaction with the society. The SL is expressed in terms of specific gesture for every word and a gesture is consisted in a sequence of performed signs. The acute people normally observe these signs to understand the difference between single and multiple gestures for singular and plural words… More >

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1355

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731

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P. Arunachalam¹, N. Janakiraman¹, Junaid Rashid², Jungeun Kim^2,*, Sovan Samanta³, Usman Naseem⁴, Arun Kumar Sivaraman⁵, A. Balasundaram⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2521-2543, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025339 - 29 March 2022
Abstract In this research work, we proposed a medical image analysis framework with two separate releases whether or not Synovial Sarcoma (SS) is the cell structure for cancer. Within this framework the histopathology images are decomposed into a third-level sub-band using a two-dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform. Subsequently, the structure features (SFs) such as Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Independent Components Analysis (ICA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were extracted from this sub-band image representation with the distribution of wavelet coefficients. These SFs are used as inputs of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Also, classification of PCA… More >

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784

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Naglaa F. Soliman^1,2, E. A. Alabdulkreem³, Abeer D. Algarni^1,*, Ghada M. El Banby⁴, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie^1,5, Ahmed Sedik⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2545-2563, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020107 - 29 March 2022
Abstract For military warfare purposes, it is necessary to identify the type of a certain weapon through video stream tracking based on infrared (IR) video frames. Computer vision is a visual search trend that is used to identify objects in images or video frames. For military applications, drones take a main role in surveillance tasks, but they cannot be confident for long-time missions. So, there is a need for such a system, which provides a continuous surveillance task to support the drone mission. Such a system can be called a Hybrid Surveillance System (HSS). This system… More >

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879

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Rajesh Kumar Kaushal¹, Naveen Kumar¹, Vinay Kukreja¹, Fahd S. Alharithi², Ahmed H. Almulihi², Arturo Ortega Mansilla^3,4, Shikha Rani^5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2565-2579, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025049 - 29 March 2022
Abstract The probability of medical staff to get affected from COVID19 is much higher due to their working environment which is more exposed to infectious diseases. So, as a preventive measure the body temperature monitoring of medical staff at regular intervals is highly recommended. Infrared temperature sensing guns have proved its effectiveness and therefore such devices are used to monitor the body temperature. These devices are either used on hands or forehead. As a result, there are many issues in monitoring the temperature of frontline healthcare professionals. Firstly, these healthcare professionals keep wearing PPE (Personal Protective… More >

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810

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Manar Ahmed Hamza^1,*, Siwar Ben Haj Hassine², Ibrahim Abunadi³, Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^2,4, Hadeel Alsolai⁵, Anwer Mustafa Hilal¹, Ishfaq Yaseen¹, Abdelwahed Motwakel¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2581-2596, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.024764 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Data mining in the educational field can be used to optimize the teaching and learning performance among the students. The recently developed machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches can be utilized to mine the data effectively. This study proposes an Improved Sailfish Optimizer-based Feature Selection with Optimal Stacked Sparse Autoencoder (ISOFS-OSSAE) for data mining and pattern recognition in the educational sector. The proposed ISOFS-OSSAE model aims to mine the educational data and derive decisions based on the feature selection and classification process. Moreover, the ISOFS-OSSAE model involves the design of the ISOFS technique More >

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760

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Yazeed Yasin Ghadi¹, Nida Khalid², Suliman A. Alsuhibany³, Tamara al Shloul⁴, Ahmad Jalal², Jeongmin Park^5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2597-2615, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.024422 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Human Activity Recognition (HAR) plays an important role in life care and health monitoring since it involves examining various activities of patients at homes, hospitals, or offices. Hence, the proposed system integrates Human-Human Interaction (HHI) and Human-Object Interaction (HOI) recognition to provide in-depth monitoring of the daily routine of patients. We propose a robust system comprising both RGB (red, green, blue) and depth information. In particular, humans in HHI datasets are segmented via connected components analysis and skin detection while the human and object in HOI datasets are segmented via saliency map. To track the… More >

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775

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Mumtaz Ali Shah^1,2,*, Farrukh Zeeshan Khan¹, Ghulam Abbas²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2617-2632, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025981 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) play an essential role in enhancing transport infrastructure by making vehicles intelligent and proficient in preventing traffic fatalities. Direction-based greedy protocols pick the next route vehicle for transmitting emergency messages (EMs) depending upon the present location of adjacent vehicles towards sink vehicles by using an optimal uni-directional road traffic approach. Nevertheless, such protocols suffer performance degradation by ignoring the moving directions of vehicles in bi-directional road traffic where topological changes happen continuously. Due to the high number of vehicles, it is essential to broadcast EMs to all vehicles to prevent traffic… More >

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823

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Ahmed S. Almasoud¹, Abdelzahir Abdelmaboud², Faisal S. Alsubaei³, Manar Ahmed Hamza^4,*, Ishfaq Yaseen⁴, Mohammed Abaker⁵, Abdelwahed Motwakel⁴, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2633-2648, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.024619 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Cyber-Physical System (CPS) involves the combination of physical processes with computation and communication systems. The recent advancements made in cloud computing, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), healthcare sensors, etc. tend to develop CPS as a proficient model for healthcare applications especially, home patient care. Though several techniques have been proposed earlier related to CPS structures, only a handful of studies has focused on the design of CPS models for health care sector. So, the proposal for a dedicated CPS model for healthcare sector necessitates a significant interest to ensure data privacy. To overcome the challenges, the… More >

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1393

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763

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Seung-Yeon Hwang¹, Jeong-Joon Kim^2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2649-2663, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.022593 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Artificial intelligence, which has recently emerged with the rapid development of information technology, is drawing attention as a tool for solving various problems demanded by society and industry. In particular, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a type of deep learning technology, are highlighted in computer vision fields, such as image classification and recognition and object tracking. Training these CNN models requires a large amount of data, and a lack of data can lead to performance degradation problems due to overfitting. As CNN architecture development and optimization studies become active, ensemble techniques have emerged to perform image… More >

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Shaveta Gupta¹, Dinesh Grover², Ahmad Ali AlZubi^3,*, Nimit Sachdeva⁴, Mirza Waqar Baig⁵, Jimmy Singla⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2665-2682, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025048 - 29 March 2022
Abstract With the advancement of internet, there is also a rise in cybercrimes and digital attacks. DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack is the most dominant weapon to breach the vulnerabilities of internet and pose a significant threat in the digital environment. These cyber-attacks are generated deliberately and consciously by the hacker to overwhelm the target with heavy traffic that genuine users are unable to use the target resources. As a result, targeted services are inaccessible by the legitimate user. To prevent these attacks, researchers are making use of advanced Machine Learning classifiers which can accurately… More >

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1664

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788

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M. Saravanan¹, J. Jayanthi², U. Sakthi³, R. Rajkumar⁴, Gyanendra Prasad Joshi⁵, L. Minh Dang⁵, Hyeonjoon Moon^5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2683-2696, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025642 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Due to latest advancements in the field of remote sensing, it becomes easier to acquire high quality images by the use of various satellites along with the sensing components. But the massive quantity of data poses a challenging issue to store and effectively transmit the remote sensing images. Therefore, image compression techniques can be utilized to process remote sensing images. In this aspect, vector quantization (VQ) can be employed for image compression and the widely applied VQ approach is Linde–Buzo–Gray (LBG) which creates a local optimum codebook for image construction. The process of constructing the… More >

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Anil Kumar Yadav¹, R. K. Pateriya², Nirmal Kumar Gupta³, Punit Gupta^4,*, Dinesh Kumar Saini⁴, Mohammad Alahmadi⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2697-2712, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023052 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Face recognition systems have enhanced human-computer interactions in the last ten years. However, the literature reveals that current techniques used for identifying or verifying faces are not immune to limitations. Principal Component Analysis-Support Vector Machine (PCA-SVM) and Principal Component Analysis-Artificial Neural Network (PCA-ANN) are among the relatively recent and powerful face analysis techniques. Compared to PCA-ANN, PCA-SVM has demonstrated generalization capabilities in many tasks, including the ability to recognize objects with small or large data samples. Apart from requiring a minimal number of parameters in face detection, PCA-SVM minimizes generalization errors and avoids overfitting problems More >

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2033

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967

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ARTICLE

Ala Saleh Alluhaidan¹, Masoud Alajmi², Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^3,4, Anwer Mustafa Hilal⁵, Manar Ahmed Hamza^5,*, Abdelwahed Motwakel⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2713-2727, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025202 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Human fall detection (FD) acts as an important part in creating sensor based alarm system, enabling physical therapists to minimize the effect of fall events and save human lives. Generally, elderly people suffer from several diseases, and fall action is a common situation which can occur at any time. In this view, this paper presents an Improved Archimedes Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning Empowered Fall Detection (IAOA-DLFD) model to identify the fall/non-fall events. The proposed IAOA-DLFD technique comprises different levels of pre-processing to improve the input image quality. Besides, the IAOA with Capsule Network based More >

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1376

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791

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Eman S. Attia¹, Ashraf A. M. Khalaf¹, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie², Saied M. Abd El-atty², Konstantinos A. Lizos³, Osama Alfarraj⁴, Farid Shawki², Imran Khan⁵, Ki-Il Kim^6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2729-2748, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026197 - 29 March 2022
Abstract With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) has urged scientists and industrialists to explore modern information and communication technology (ICT) as a means to reduce or even eliminate it. The World Health Organization recently reported that the virus may infect the organism through any organ in the living body, such as the respiratory, the immunity, the nervous, the digestive, or the cardiovascular system. Targeting the abovementioned goal, we envision an implanted nanosystem embedded in the intra living-body network. The main function of the nanosystem is either to perform diagnosis and… More >

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1523

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816

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ARTICLE

B. Priestly Shan¹, O. Jeba Shiney¹, Sharzeel Saleem², V. Rajinikanth³, Atef Zaguia⁴, Dilbag Singh^5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2749-2763, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023057 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Low contrast of Magnetic Resonance (MR) images limits the visibility of subtle structures and adversely affects the outcome of both subjective and automated diagnosis. State-of-the-art contrast boosting techniques intolerably alter inherent features of MR images. Drastic changes in brightness features, induced by post-processing are not appreciated in medical imaging as the grey level values have certain diagnostic meanings. To overcome these issues this paper proposes an algorithm that enhance the contrast of MR images while preserving the underlying features as well. This method termed as Power-law and Logarithmic Modification-based Histogram Equalization (PLMHE) partitions the histogram More >

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1352

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722

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Dahyeon Kim¹, Chulsu Kim², Junho Ahn^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2765-2781, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025116 - 29 March 2022
Abstract When firefighters are engaged in search and rescue missions inside a building at a risk of collapse, they have difficulty in field command and rescue because they can only simply monitor the situation inside the building utilizing old building drawings or robots. To propose an efficient solution for fast search and rescue work of firefighters, this study investigates the generation of up-to-date digital maps for disaster sites by tracking the collapse situation, and identifying the information of obstacles which are risk factors, using an artificial intelligence algorithm based on low-cost robots. Our research separates the… More >

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1568

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927

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Fadwa Alrowais¹, Ahmed S. Almasoud², Radwa Marzouk³, Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^4,5, Anwer Mustafa Hilal^6,*, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁶, Abdelwahed Motwakel⁶, Ishfaq Yaseen⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2783-2795, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025204 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Mobile edge computing (MEC) provides effective cloud services and functionality at the edge device, to improve the quality of service (QoS) of end users by offloading the high computation tasks. Currently, the introduction of deep learning (DL) and hardware technologies paves a method in detecting the current traffic status, data offloading, and cyberattacks in MEC. This study introduces an artificial intelligence with metaheuristic based data offloading technique for Secure MEC (AIMDO-SMEC) systems. The proposed AIMDO-SMEC technique incorporates an effective traffic prediction module using Siamese Neural Networks (SNN) to determine the traffic status in the MEC More >

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1618

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795

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Waleed Shahjehan¹, Abid Ullah¹, Syed Waqar Shah¹, Imran Khan¹, Nor Samsiah Sani², Ki-Il Kim^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2797-2810, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026185 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) Massive MIMO is one of the most effective technology for the fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks. It improves both the spectral and energy efficiency by utilizing the 30–300 GHz millimeter-wave bandwidth and a large number of antennas at the base station. However, increasing the number of antennas requires a large number of radio frequency (RF) chains which results in high power consumption. In order to reduce the RF chain's energy, cost and provide desirable quality-of-service (QoS) to the subscribers, this paper proposes an energy-efficient hybrid precoding algorithm for mmWave massive MIMO networks based on More >

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1442

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859

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Rihem Farkh^1,2, Saad Alhuwaimel^3,*, Sultan Alzahrani³, Khaled Al Jaloud¹, Mohammad Tabrez Quasim⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2811-2824, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020259 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Several applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence, have acquired importance and come to the fore as a result of recent advances and improvements in these approaches. Autonomous cars are one such application. This is expected to have a significant and revolutionary influence on society. Integration with smart cities, new infrastructure and urban planning with sophisticated cyber-security are some of the current ramifications of self-driving automobiles. The autonomous automobile, often known as self-driving systems or driverless vehicles, is a vehicle that can perceive its surroundings and navigate predetermined routes without human involvement. Cars are on… More >

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1883

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841

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Yanfei Sun¹, Feng Qiao², Wei Wang¹, Bin Xu¹, Jianming Zhu¹, Romany Fouad Mansour³, Jin Qi^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2825-2843, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026574 - 29 March 2022
Abstract As a new mode and means of smart manufacturing, smart cloud manufacturing (SCM) faces great challenges in massive supply and demand, dynamic resource collaboration and intelligent adaptation. To address the problem, this paper proposes an SCM-oriented dynamic supply-demand (S-D) intelligent adaptation model for massive manufacturing services. In this model, a collaborative network model is established based on the properties of both the supply-demand and their relationships; in addition, an algorithm based on deep graph clustering (DGC) and aligned sampling (AS) is used to divide and conquer the large adaptation domain to solve the problem of… More >

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1709

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1016

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Dongjun Cui^1,*, Jinghan He², Guofang Zhang³, Zihan Hou⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2845-2858, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026568 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Distributed power market trading has the characteristics of large number of participants, scattered locations, small single trading scale, and point-to-point trading. The traditional centralized power trading model has the problems of large load, low efficiency, high cost, reliance on third parties and unreliable data. With the characteristics of decentralization and non-tampering, blockchain can establish a point-to-point trusted trading environment and provide effective solutions to the above problems. Therefore, this paper proposed a distributed power market trading framework based on blockchain. In this framework, the distributed power supply characteristics and trading needs of each participant are More >

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1438

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1038

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Areej A. Malibari¹, Siwar Ben Haj Hassine², Abdelwahed Motwakel³, Manar Ahmed Hamza^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2859-2875, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026338 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Atherosclerosis diagnosis is an inarticulate and complicated cognitive process. Researches on medical diagnosis necessitate maximum accuracy and performance to make optimal clinical decisions. Since the medical diagnostic outcomes need to be prompt and accurate, the recently developed artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) models have received considerable attention among research communities. This study develops a novel Metaheuristics with Deep Learning Empowered Biomedical Atherosclerosis Disease Diagnosis and Classification (MDL-BADDC) model. The proposed MDL-BADDC technique encompasses several stages of operations such as pre-processing, feature selection, classification, and parameter tuning. Besides, the proposed MDL-BADDC technique designs a More >

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1710

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792

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Amit Sundas¹, Sumit Badotra^1,*, Youseef Alotaibi², Saleh Alghamdi³, Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2877-2894, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025658 - 29 March 2022
Abstract All task scheduling applications need to ensure that resources are optimally used, performance is enhanced, and costs are minimized. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how to Fitness Calculate Values (FCVs) to provide application software with a reliable solution during the initial stages of load balancing. The cloud computing environment is the subject of this study. It consists of both physical and logical components (most notably cloud infrastructure and cloud storage) (in particular cloud services and cloud platforms). This intricate structure is interconnected to provide services to users and improve the overall system's… More >

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1730

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874

Cited by

1

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Abdullah S. AL-Malaise AL-Ghamdi¹, Mahmoud Ragab^2,3,4,*, Maha Farouk S. Sabir¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2895-2907, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026405 - 29 March 2022
Abstract As higher education institutions (HEIs) go online, several benefits are attained, and also it is vulnerable to several kinds of attacks. To accomplish security, this paper presents artificial intelligence based cybersecurity intrusion detection models to accomplish security. The incorporation of the strategies into business is a tendency among several distinct industries, comprising education, have recognized as game changer. Consequently, the HEIs are highly related to the requirement and knowledge of the learner, making the education procedure highly effective. Thus, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models have shown significant interest in HEIs. This study… More >

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1657

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888

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Refik Tanju Sirmen^1,*, Burak Berk Üstündağ²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2909-2926, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023947 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Unsupervised clustering and clustering validity are used as essential instruments of data analytics. Despite clustering being realized under uncertainty, validity indices do not deliver any quantitative evaluation of the uncertainties in the suggested partitionings. Also, validity measures may be biased towards the underlying clustering method. Moreover, neglecting a confidence requirement may result in over-partitioning. In the absence of an error estimate or a confidence parameter, probable clustering errors are forwarded to the later stages of the system. Whereas, having an uncertainty margin of the projected labeling can be very fruitful for many applications such as… More >

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1440

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894

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Pankaj Singh¹, Huijin Jeon², Sookeun Yun², Byung Wook Kim³, Sung-Yoon Jung^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2927-2945, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.024180 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Demand for precise vehicle positioning (VP) increases as autonomous vehicles have recently been drawing attention. This paper proposes a scheme for positioning vehicles on the move based on optical camera communication (OCC) technology in the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) environment. Light-emitting diode (LED) streetlights and vehicle cameras are used as transmitters and receivers respectively. Regions of streetlights are detected and traced by examining images that are obtained from cameras of vehicles. Then, a scheme for analyzing visible light data extracted from the images is proposed. The proposed vehicle positioning scheme uses information on angles between vectors that… More >

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1703

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819

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Hira Soomro^1,*, Nooraini Zainuddin¹, Hanita Daud¹, Joshua Sunday²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2947-2961, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025933 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Multistep integration methods are being extensively used in the simulations of high dimensional systems due to their lower computational cost. The block methods were developed with the intent of obtaining numerical results on numerous points at a time and improving computational efficiency. Hybrid block methods for instance are specifically used in numerical integration of initial value problems. In this paper, an optimized hybrid block Adams block method is designed for the solutions of linear and nonlinear first-order initial value problems in ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In deriving the method, the Lagrange interpolation polynomial was employed… More >

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1487

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795

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Mariem Ayedi^1,2,*, Walaa H. ElAshmawi^3,4, Esraa Eldesouky^1,3
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2963-2980, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025741 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Resource management in Underground Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is one of the pillars to extend the network lifetime. An intriguing design goal for such networks is to achieve balanced energy and spectral resource utilization. This paper focuses on optimizing the resource efficiency in UWSNs where underground relay nodes amplify and forward sensed data, received from the buried source nodes through a lossy soil medium, to the aboveground base station. A new algorithm called the Hybrid Chaotic Salp Swarm and Crossover (HCSSC) algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal source and relay transmission powers to maximize… More >

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1589

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725

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Deepak Kumar¹, Ramandeep Singh², Sukhvinder Singh Bamber^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2981-2996, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.024221 - 29 March 2022
Abstract Individuals and PCs (personal computers) can be recognized using CAPTCHAs (Completely Automated Public Turing test to distinguish Computers and Humans) which are mechanized for distinguishing them. Further, CAPTCHAs are intended to be solved by the people, but are unsolvable by the machines. As a result, using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) these tests can similarly be unraveled. Moreover, the CNNs quality depends majorly on: the size of preparation set and the information that the classifier is found out on. Next, it is almost unmanageable to handle issue with CNNs. A new method of detecting CAPTCHA has More >

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1382

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753

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Jin Su Kim¹, Min-Gu Kim¹, Jae Myung Kim^1,2, Sung Bum Pan^1,2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2997-3007, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026572 - 29 March 2022
Abstract As fifth generation technology standard (5G) technology develops, the possibility of being exposed to the risk of cyber-attacks that exploits vulnerabilities in the 5G environment is increasing. The existing personal recognition method used for granting permission is a password-based method, which causes security problems. Therefore, personal recognition studies using bio-signals are being conducted as a method to access control to devices. Among bio-signal, surface electromyogram (sEMG) can solve the existing personal recognition problem that was unable to the modification of registered information owing to the characteristic changes in its signal according to the performed operation.… More >

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1125