Open Access

ARTICLE

Directional Wideband Wearable Antenna with Circular Parasitic Element for Microwave Imaging Applications

by Z. Zakaria^1,*, A. A. Althuwayb², H. Lago³, H. Alsariera¹, H. Nornikman¹, A. J. A. Al-Gburi¹, P. J. Soh^4,5

1 Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering (FKEKK), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
2 Electrical Engineering Department, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
3 Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
4 Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
5 Advanced Communication Engineering (ACE) CoE, Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600, Perlis, Malaysia

* Corresponding Author: Z. Zakaria. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in 5G Antenna Designs and Systems)

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022, 72(1), 983-998. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.024782

Received 31 October 2021; Accepted 21 December 2021; Issue published 24 February 2022

Abstract

This work proposes a wideband and unidirectional antenna consisting of dual layer of coplanar waveguide based on the circular parasitic element technique. The design procedure is implemented in three stages: Design A, which operates at 3.94 GHz with a bandwidth of 3.83 GHz and a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 97.2%; Design B, which operates at 3.98 GHz with a bandwidth of 0.66 GHz (FBW of 56.53%); and Design C as the final antenna. The final Design C is designed to resonate at several frequencies between 2.89 and 7.0 GHz for microwave imaging applications with a bandwidth of 4.11 GHz (79.8%) centered at 5.15 GHz. This antenna is fabricated fully using two textile materials: felt as the substrate and ShieldIt as the conductor. It features a unidirectional radiation with a gain of 5.5 dBi, and reduced low back radiation from 2.06 to−7.81 dB. The front-to-back ratio (FBR) for Design A, Design B and Design C are 4.82, 2.94 and 11.36 dB, respectively. This antenna is wideband with unidirectional radiation, lightweight, and flexible.

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Keywords

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