Open Access

ARTICLE

Sparse Crowd Flow Analysis of Tawaaf of Kaaba During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Durr-e-Nayab¹, Ali Mustafa Qamar^2,*, Rehan Ullah Khan³, Waleed Albattah³, Khalil Khan⁴, Shabana Habib³, Muhammad Islam⁵

1 Department of Computer Systems Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
2 Department of Computer Science, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
3 Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
4 Department of Information Technology and Computer Science, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule, Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, Pakistan
5 Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: Ali Mustafa Qamar. Email: