Open Access

ARTICLE

New 5G Kaiser-Based Windowing to Reduce Out of Band Emission

Ahmed Hammoodi¹, Lukman Audah¹ , Laith Al-Jobouri^2,*, Mazin Abed Mohammed³, Mustafa S. Aljumaily⁴

1 Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, 86400, Johor, Malaysia
2 School of Engineering, Arts, Science and Technology, University of Suffolk, IP4 1QJ, UK
3 College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Anbar, Anbar, 31001, Iraq
4 Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37901, USA

* Corresponding Author: Laith Al-Jobouri. Email:

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022, 71(2), 2721-2738. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.020091

Received 08 May 2021; Accepted 21 June 2021; Issue published 14 December 2021

Abstract

OFDM based waveforms are considered as the main part of the latest cellular communications standard (namely 5G). Many inherited problems from the OFDM-Based LTE are still under investigation. Getting rid of the out of band emissions is one of these problems. Ensuring low out of band emission (OOBE) is deemed as one of the most critical challenges to support development of future technologies such as 6G and beyond. Universal Filtered Multi Carrier (UFMC) has been considered as one of the candidate waveforms for the 5G communications due to its robustness against Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) and the Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). It is also a preferred option because it is the most appropriate for low latency scenarios. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed that makes use of modified Kaiser-Bessel filter-based pulse windowing instead of standard Dolph-Chebyshev filter for UFMC based waveform. The aim of proposing the new approach is to enable the reduction of spectral leakage into nearby sub-bands. A comprehensive study for the modified Kaiser-Bessel filters is performed and the results are presented in terms of several Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Based on the results of the simulation, the UFMC Kaiser-Hankel window demonstrated lower sidebands and better power spectral density, when compared with the traditional Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and UFMC as well as the normal UFMC Kaiser window. In addition, the real test for the kaiser window with 5G waveform is lower OOBE than conventional 5G waveform (CP-OFDM and UFMC). The OOBE reduction of 31% of the Kaiser vs. the Dolph-Chebyshev filter, 68% of Kaiser Hankel over the DolphChebyshev, and 20% of Kaiser Hankel over Kaiser filter have been reported in this paper. The Power Spectral Density has been improved accordingly.

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Keywords

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