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Prediction of COVID-19 Transmission in the United States Using Google Search Trends

Meshrif Alruily1, Mohamed Ezz1,2, Ayman Mohamed Mostafa1,3, Nacim Yanes1,4, Mostafa Abbas5, Yasser El-Manzalawy5,*

1 College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72314, Saudi Arabia
2 Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
3 Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
4 RIADI Laboratory, La Manouba University, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
5 Department of Translational Data Science and Informatics, Geisinger, Danville, PA, 17822, USA

* Corresponding Author: Yasser El-Manzalawy. Email: email

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Application of Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Learning Approach for Learning Process in COVID-19/Industrial Revolution 4.0)

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022, 71(1), 1751-1768. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.020714

Abstract

Accurate forecasting of emerging infectious diseases can guide public health officials in making appropriate decisions related to the allocation of public health resources. Due to the exponential spread of the COVID-19 infection worldwide, several computational models for forecasting the transmission and mortality rates of COVID-19 have been proposed in the literature. To accelerate scientific and public health insights into the spread and impact of COVID-19, Google released the Google COVID-19 search trends symptoms open-access dataset. Our objective is to develop 7 and 14-day-ahead forecasting models of COVID-19 transmission and mortality in the US using the Google search trends for COVID-19 related symptoms. Specifically, we propose a stacked long short-term memory (SLSTM) architecture for predicting COVID-19 confirmed and death cases using historical time series data combined with auxiliary time series data from the Google COVID-19 search trends symptoms dataset. Considering the SLSTM networks trained using historical data only as the base models, our base models for 7 and 14-day-ahead forecasting of COVID cases had the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values of 6.6% and 8.8%, respectively. On the other side, our proposed models had improved MAPE values of 3.2% and 5.6%, respectively. For 7 and 14 -day-ahead forecasting of COVID-19 deaths, the MAPE values of the base models were 4.8% and 11.4%, while the improved MAPE values of our proposed models were 4.7% and 7.8%, respectively. We found that the Google search trends for “pneumonia,” “shortness of breath,” and “fever” are the most informative search trends for predicting COVID-19 transmission. We also found that the search trends for “hypoxia” and “fever” were the most informative trends for forecasting COVID-19 mortality.

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APA Style
Alruily, M., Ezz, M., Mostafa, A.M., Yanes, N., Abbas, M. et al. (2022). Prediction of COVID-19 transmission in the united states using google search trends. Computers, Materials & Continua, 71(1), 1751-1768. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.020714
Vancouver Style
Alruily M, Ezz M, Mostafa AM, Yanes N, Abbas M, El-Manzalawy Y. Prediction of COVID-19 transmission in the united states using google search trends. Comput Mater Contin. 2022;71(1):1751-1768 https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.020714
IEEE Style
M. Alruily, M. Ezz, A.M. Mostafa, N. Yanes, M. Abbas, and Y. El-Manzalawy, “Prediction of COVID-19 Transmission in the United States Using Google Search Trends,” Comput. Mater. Contin., vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 1751-1768, 2022. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.020714



cc Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Tech Science Press.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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