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Syed Rizwan Hassan¹, Ishtiaq Ahmad¹, Jamel Nebhen², Ateeq Ur Rehman³, Muhammad Shafiq⁴, Jin-Ghoo Choi^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6057-6072, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020428
Abstract The modern paradigm of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a significant increase in demand for latency-sensitive applications in Fog-based cloud computing. However, such applications cannot meet strict quality of service (QoS) requirements. The large-scale deployment of IoT requires more effective use of network infrastructure to ensure QoS when processing big data. Generally, cloud-centric IoT application deployment involves different modules running on terminal devices and cloud servers. Fog devices with different computing capabilities must process the data generated by the end device, so deploying latency-sensitive applications in a heterogeneous fog computing environment is a difficult task. In addition,… More >

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Kamaledin Abodayeh¹, Ali Raza^2,3,*, Muhammad Rafiq⁴, Muhammad Shoaib Arif⁵, Muhammad Naveed⁵, Zunir Zeb³, Syed Zaheer Abbas³, Kiran Shahzadi³, Sana Sarwar³, Qasim Naveed³, Badar Ul Zaman³, Muhammad Mohsin⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6073-6088, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020732
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Emerging Trends and Real-World Applications of Intelligent Computing Techniques)
Abstract Pneumonia is a highly transmissible disease in children. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the most affected regions include south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Worldwide, 15% of pediatric deaths can be attributed to pneumonia. Computing techniques have a significant role in science, engineering, and many other fields. In this study, we focused on the efficiency of numerical techniques via computer programs. We studied the dynamics of the pneumonia-like infections of epidemic models using numerical techniques. We discuss two types of analysis: dynamical and numerical. The dynamical analysis included positivity, boundedness, local stability, reproduction number, and equilibria of the model.… More >

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Shahid Sultan¹, Qaisar Javaid¹, Eid Rehman^2,*, Ahmad Aziz Alahmadi³, Nasim Ullah³, Wakeel Khan⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6089-6106, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021374
Abstract For efficient and robust information exchange in the vehicular ad-hoc network, a secure and trusted incentive reward is needed to avoid and reduce the intensity of misbehaving nodes and congestion especially in the case where the periodic beacons exploit the channel. In addition, we cannot be sure that all vehicular nodes eagerly share their communication assets to the system for message dissemination without any rewards. Unfortunately, there may be some misbehaving nodes and due to their selfish and greedy approach, these nodes may not help others on the network. To deal with this challenge, trust-based misbehavior avoidance schemes are generally… More >

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Walid El-Shafai¹, Samy Abd El-Nabi^1,2, El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie¹, Anas M. Ali^1,2, Naglaa F. Soliman^3,*, Abeer D. Algarni³, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie^1,3
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6107-6125, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020698
Abstract Effective medical diagnosis is dramatically expensive, especially in third-world countries. One of the common diseases is pneumonia, and because of the remarkable similarity between its types and the limited number of medical images for recent diseases related to pneumonia, the medical diagnosis of these diseases is a significant challenge. Hence, transfer learning represents a promising solution in transferring knowledge from generic tasks to specific tasks. Unfortunately, experimentation and utilization of different models of transfer learning do not achieve satisfactory results. In this study, we suggest the implementation of an automatic detection model, namely CADTra, to efficiently diagnose pneumonia-related diseases. This… More >

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Mohamed Ali¹, Ibrahim A. Abd El-Moghith², Mohamed N. El-Derini³, Saad M. Darwish^2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6127-6140, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021305
Abstract Routing is a key function in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) since it facilitates data transfer to base stations. Routing attacks have the potential to destroy and degrade the functionality of WSNs. A trustworthy routing system is essential for routing security and WSN efficiency. Numerous methods have been implemented to build trust between routing nodes, including the use of cryptographic methods and centralized routing. Nonetheless, the majority of routing techniques are unworkable in reality due to the difficulty of properly identifying untrusted routing node activities. At the moment, there is no effective way to avoid malicious node attacks. As a consequence… More >

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Bander Alzahrani¹, Ahmed Barnawi¹, Azeem Irshad², Areej Alhothali¹, Reem Alotaibi¹, Muhammad Shafiq^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6141-6158, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020774
Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently attracted widespread attention in civil and commercial applications. For example, UAVs (or drone) technology is increasingly used in crowd monitoring solutions due to its wider air footprint and the ability to capture data in real time. However, due to the open atmosphere, drones can easily be lost or captured by attackers when reporting information to the crowd management center. In addition, the attackers may initiate malicious detection to disrupt the crowd-sensing communication network. Therefore, security and privacy are one of the most significant challenges faced by drones or the Internet of Drones (IoD) that… More >

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Dah-Jing Jwo^*, Sheng-Feng Chiu
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6159-6176, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020793
Abstract In this paper, the data wipe-off (DWO) algorithm is incorporated into the vector tracking loop of the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver for improving signal tracking performance. The navigation data, which contains information that is necessary to perform navigation computations, are binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulated onto the GPS carrier phase with the bit duration of 20 ms (i.e., 50 bits per second). To continuously track the satellite’s signal in weak signal environment, the DWO algorithm on the basis of pre-detection method is adopted to detect data bit sign reversal every 20 ms. Tracking accuracy of a weak GPS signal… More >

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875

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Shahid Habib¹, Ghaffer Iqbal Kiani², Muhammad Fasih Uddin Butt^1,3,*, Syed Muzahir Abbas^4,5, Abdulah Jeza Aljohani², Soon Xin Ng³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6177-6187, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021644
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in 5G Antenna Designs and Systems)
Abstract A low-profile ultra-wideband (UWB) band-stop frequency selective surface (FSS) is designed for S-, C-, X- and Ku-bands communication applications. The FSS is constructed by using square and circular loop elements printed on the top and bottom sides of the RO3210 substrate. The FSS has been designed to reduce the electromagnetic interference (EMI) as well as to mitigate the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation on the human body caused by different radio devices. The dimension and size of the UWB FSS have been reduced to 0.12 λ × 0.12 λ and 90%, respectively, as compared to the reported literature. The other… More >

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Jaiteg Singh¹, Gaurav Goyal¹, Farman Ali², Babar Shah³, Sangheon Pack^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6189-6204, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021657
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning Empowered Secure Computing for Intelligent Systems)
Abstract Airline industry has witnessed a tremendous growth in the recent past. Percentage of people choosing air travel as first choice to commute is continuously increasing. Highly demanding and congested air routes are resulting in inadvertent delays, additional fuel consumption and high emission of greenhouse gases. Trajectory planning involves creation identification of cost-effective flight plans for optimal utilization of fuel and time. This situation warrants the need of an intelligent system for dynamic planning of optimized flight trajectories with least human intervention required. In this paper, an algorithm for dynamic planning of optimized flight trajectories has been proposed. The proposed algorithm… More >

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Sarah S. Alrumiah^*, Amal A. Al-Shargabi
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6205-6221, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021780
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning Applications in Medical, Finance, Education and Cyber Security)
Abstract Nowadays, people use online resources such as educational videos and courses. However, such videos and courses are mostly long and thus, summarizing them will be valuable. The video contents (visual, audio, and subtitles) could be analyzed to generate textual summaries, i.e., notes. Videos’ subtitles contain significant information. Therefore, summarizing subtitles is effective to concentrate on the necessary details. Most of the existing studies used Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) models to create lectures’ summaries. This study takes another approach and applies Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), which proved its effectiveness in document summarization. Specifically, the proposed… More >

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Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^1,2,*, Amani Abdulrahman Albraikan³, Anwer Mustafa Hilal⁴, Majdy M. Eltahir¹, Manar Ahmed Hamza⁴, Abu Sarwar Zamani⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6223-6238, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021299
Abstract Precision agriculture enables the recent technological advancements in farming sector to observe, measure, and analyze the requirements of individual fields and crops. The recent developments of computer vision and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques find a way for effective detection of plants, diseases, weeds, pests, etc. On the other hand, the detection of plant diseases, particularly apple leaf diseases using AI techniques can improve productivity and reduce crop loss. Besides, earlier and precise apple leaf disease detection can minimize the spread of the disease. Earlier works make use of traditional image processing techniques which cannot assure high detection rate on apple… More >

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Minakshi Kalra¹, Vijay Kumar², Manjit Kaur³, Sahar Ahmed Idris⁴, Şaban Öztürk⁵, Hammam Alshazly^6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6239-6255, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020682
Abstract Nowadays, due to the increase in information resources, the number of parameters and complexity of feature vectors increases. Optimization methods offer more practical solutions instead of exact solutions for the solution of this problem. The Emperor Penguin Optimizer (EPO) is one of the highest performing meta-heuristic algorithms of recent times that imposed the gathering behavior of emperor penguins. It shows the superiority of its performance over a wide range of optimization problems thanks to its equal chance to each penguin and its fast convergence features. Although traditional EPO overcomes the optimization problems in continuous search space, many problems today shift… More >

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1117

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Mesfer Al Duhayyim¹, Haya Mesfer Alshahrani², Fahd N. Al-Wesabi³, Mohammed Alamgeer⁴, Anwer Mustafa Hilal^5,*, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6257-6270, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021212
Abstract Cybersecurity encompasses various elements such as strategies, policies, processes, and techniques to accomplish availability, confidentiality, and integrity of resource processing, network, software, and data from attacks. In this scenario, the rising popularity of Online Social Networks (OSN) is under threat from spammers for which effective spam bot detection approaches should be developed. Earlier studies have developed different approaches for the detection of spam bots in OSN. But those techniques primarily concentrated on hand-crafted features to capture the features of malicious users while the application of Deep Learning (DL) models needs to be explored. With this motivation, the current research article… More >

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1240

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Samih M. Mostafa^1,*, Sahar Ahmed Idris², Manjit Kaur³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6271-6288, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021978
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Metaheuristic Techniques and Their Real-World Applications)
Abstract Minimizing time cost in time-shared operating systems is considered basic and essential task, and it is the most significant goal for the researchers who interested in CPU scheduling algorithms. Waiting time, turnaround time, and number of context switches are the most time cost criteria used to compare between CPU scheduling algorithms. CPU scheduling algorithms are divided into non-preemptive and preemptive. Round Robin (RR) algorithm is the most famous as it is the basis for all the algorithms used in time-sharing. In this paper, the authors proposed a novel CPU scheduling algorithm based on RR. The proposed algorithm is called Adjustable… More >

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Anwer Mustafa Hilal¹, Hadeel Alsolai², Fahd N. Al-Wesabi³, Mohammed Abdullah Al-Hagery⁴, Manar Ahmed Hamza^1,*, Mesfer Al Duhayyim⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6289-6304, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021522
Abstract In present digital era, data science techniques exploit artificial intelligence (AI) techniques who start and run small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to have an impact and develop their businesses. Data science integrates the conventions of econometrics with the technological elements of data science. It make use of machine learning (ML), predictive and prescriptive analytics to effectively understand financial data and solve related problems. Smart technologies for SMEs enable allows the firm to get smarter with their processes and offers efficient operations. At the same time, it is needed to develop an effective tool which can assist small to medium sized… More >

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Fabián Riquelme^1,*, Rodrigo Olivares¹, Francisco Muñoz¹, Xavier Molinero³, Maria Serna²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6305-6321, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021804
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Metaheuristic Techniques and Their Real-World Applications)
Abstract An influence game is a simple game represented over an influence graph (i.e., a labeled, weighted graph) on which the influence spread phenomenon is exerted. Influence games allow applying different properties and parameters coming from cooperative game theory to the contexts of social network analysis, decision-systems, voting systems, and collective behavior. The exact calculation of several of these properties and parameters is computationally hard, even for a small number of players. Two examples of these parameters are the length and the width of a game. The length of a game is the size of its smaller winning coalition, while the… More >

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R. Surendran^1,*, Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf², Carlos Andres Tavera Romero³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6323-6338, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021716
Abstract In the present industrial revolution era, the industrial mechanical system becomes incessantly highly intelligent and composite. So, it is necessary to develop data-driven and monitoring approaches for achieving quick, trustable, and high-quality analysis in an automated way. Fault diagnosis is an essential process to verify the safety and reliability operations of rotating machinery. The advent of deep learning (DL) methods employed to diagnose faults in rotating machinery by extracting a set of feature vectors from the vibration signals. This paper presents an Intelligent Industrial Fault Diagnosis using Sailfish Optimized Inception with Residual Network (IIFD-SOIR) Model. The proposed model operates on… More >

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Mustafa Abdul Salam^1,*, Ahmad Taher Azar², Rana Hussien²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6339-6363, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020583
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Role of Machine Learning and Evolutionary Algorithms for Cancer Detection and Prediction)
Abstract Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is popular in batch learning, sequential learning, and progressive learning, due to its speed, easy integration, and generalization ability. While, Traditional ELM cannot train massive data rapidly and efficiently due to its memory residence, high time and space complexity. In ELM, the hidden layer typically necessitates a huge number of nodes. Furthermore, there is no certainty that the arrangement of weights and biases within the hidden layer is optimal. To solve this problem, the traditional ELM has been hybridized with swarm intelligence optimization techniques. This paper displays five proposed hybrid Algorithms “Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA-ELM), Grasshopper… More >

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Chinu Singla¹, Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^2,3, Yash Singh Pathania¹, Badria Sulaiman Alfurhood⁴, Anwer Mustafa Hilal^5,*, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁵, Manar Ahmed Hamza⁵, Mohammad Mahzari⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6365-6380, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020480
Abstract The task of automatically analyzing sentiments from a tweet has more use now than ever due to the spectrum of emotions expressed from national leaders to the average man. Analyzing this data can be critical for any organization. Sentiments are often expressed with different intensity and topics which can provide great insight into how something affects society. Sentiment analysis in Twitter mitigates the various issues of analyzing the tweets in terms of views expressed and several approaches have already been proposed for sentiment analysis in twitter. Resources used for analyzing tweet emotions are also briefly presented in literature survey section.… More >

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Tanveer Ahmad¹, Imran Khan², Azeem Irshad³, Shafiq Ahmad⁴, Ahmed T. Soliman⁴, Akber Abid Gardezi⁵, Muhammad Shafiq^6,*, Jin-Ghoo Choi⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6381-6394, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019787
Abstract The device-to-device (D2D) technology performs explicit communication between the terminal and the base station (BS) terminal, so there is no need to transmit data through the BS system. The establishment of a short-distance D2D communication link can greatly reduce the burden on the BS server. At present, D2D is one of the key technologies in 5G technology and has been studied in depth. D2D communication reuses the resources of cellular users to improve system key parameters like utilization and throughput. However, repeated use of the spectrum and coexistence of cellular users can cause co-channel interference. Aiming at the interference problem… More >

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