Open Access

REVIEW

Reconfigurable Pattern Patch Antenna for Mid-Band 5G: A Review

Siti Rahena Isa^1,2, Muzammil Jusoh^2,*, Thennarasan Sabapathy², Jamel Nebhen³, Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin⁴, Mohamed Nasrun Osman², Qammer Hussain Abbasi⁵, Hasliza A. Rahim², Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin², Ping Jack Soh²
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah, Jitra, 06000, Malaysia
2 Advanced Communication Engineering (ACE), Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Perlis. Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra, 02600, Malaysia
3 College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 151, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
4 Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400, Malaysia
5 School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
* Corresponding Author: Muzammil Jusoh. Email:
(This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advances in 5G Antenna Designs and Systems)

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022, 70(2), 2699-2725. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.019769

Received 25 April 2021; Accepted 06 June 2021; Issue published 27 September 2021

Abstract

New requirements in communication technologies make it imperative to rehash conventional features such as reconfigurable antennas to adapt with the future adaptability advancements. This paper presents a comprehensive review of reconfigurable antennas, specifically in terms of radiation patterns for adaptation in the upcoming Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio frequency bands. They represent the key of antenna technology for materializing a high rate transmission, increased spectral and energy efficiency, reduced interference, and improved the beam steering and beam shaping, thereby land a great promise for planar antennas to boost the mid-band 5G. This review begins with an overview of the underlying principals in reconfiguring radiation patterns, followed by the presentations of the implemented innovative antenna topologies to suit particular advanced features. The various adaptation techniques of radiation pattern reconfigurable planar antennas and the understanding of its antenna design approaches has been investigated for its radiation pattern enhancement. A variety of design configurations have also been critically studied for their compatibilities to be operated in the mid-band communication systems. The review provides new insights on pattern reconfigurable antenna where such antennas are categorized as beam steering antenna and beam shaping antennas where the operation modes and purposes are clearly investigated. The review also revealed that for mid-band 5G communication, the commonly used electronic switching such as PIN diodes have sufficient isolation loss to provide the required beam performance.

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Keywords

5G mid-band pattern antenna; reconfigurable antenna; phased array antenna; antenna and propagation

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