Open Access

ARTICLE

Cross-Layer Hidden Markov Analysis for Intrusion Detection

K. Venkatachalam¹, P. Prabu², B. Saravana Balaji³, Byeong-Gwon Kang⁴, Yunyoung Nam^4,*, Mohamed Abouhawwash^5,6

1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560074, India
2 Department of Computer Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India
3 Department of Information Technology, Lebanese French University, Erbil, 44001, KR, Iraq
4 Department of ICT Convergence, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Korea
5 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
6 Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering (CMSE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA

* Corresponding Author: Yunyoung Nam. Email: