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Walid El-Shafai¹, Moustafa H. Aly², Abeer D. Algarni^3,*, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie^1,3, Naglaa F. Soliman^3,4
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 895-913, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018545
Abstract Due to the rapid growth of telemedicine and healthcare services, color medical image security applications have been expanded precipitously. In this paper, an asymmetric PTFrFT (Phase Truncated Fractional Fourier Transform)-based color medical image cryptosystem is suggested. Two different phases in the fractional Fourier and output planes are provided as deciphering keys. Accordingly, the ciphering keys will not be employed for the deciphering procedure. Thus, the introduced PTFrFT algorithm comprises asymmetric ciphering and deciphering processes in contrast to the traditional optical symmetric OSH (Optical Scanning Holography) and DRPE (Double Random Phase Encoding) algorithms. One of the principal impacts of the introduced… More >

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Shynar Mussiraliyeva¹, Batyrkhan Omarov^1,*, Paul Yoo^1,2, Milana Bolatbek¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 915-934, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019189
Abstract In this research paper, we propose a corpus for the task of detecting religious extremism in social networks and open sources and compare various machine learning algorithms for the binary classification problem using a previously created corpus, thereby checking whether it is possible to detect extremist messages in the Kazakh language. To do this, the authors trained models using six classic machine-learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest, K Nearest Neighbors, Naive Bayes, and Logistic Regression. To increase the accuracy of detecting extremist texts, we used various characteristics such as Statistical Features, TF-IDF, POS, LIWC, and… More >

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K. M. Ameen Suhail¹, Syam Sankar¹, Ashok S. Kumar², Tsafack Nestor³, Naglaa F. Soliman^4,*, Abeer D. Algarni⁴, Walid El-Shafai⁵, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie^4,5
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 935-950, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.017069
Abstract Stock market is a place, where shares of different companies are traded. It is a collection of buyers’ and sellers’ stocks. In this digital era, analysis and prediction in the stock market have gained an essential role in shaping today's economy. Stock market analysis can be either fundamental or technical. Technical analysis can be performed either with technical indicators or through machine learning techniques. In this paper, we report a system that uses a Reinforcement Learning (RL) network and market sentiments to make decisions about stock market trading. The system uses sentiment analysis on daily market news to spot trends… More >

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Hussien Mohamad Alakrash, Norizan Abdul Razak^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 951-962, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.014288
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted educators to rethink educational practices, especially with regard to technology. The COVID-19 pandemic is a huge challenge to education systems around the world. This Viewpoint offers guidance to teachers, institutional heads, and officials on addressing the crisis. This study investigated technology use in teaching during the COVID-19 lockdown in Malaysia, focusing on technology-based teaching methods, modifications necessitated by this new teaching style, and challenges teachers faced when using technology. Using purposive sampling, a qualitative study was undertaken with a sample of 10 English language teachers from Arabic schools in Malaysia. The results indicated that a… More >

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Awais Mahmood^1,*, Muhammad Imran², Aun Irtaza³, Qammar Abbas⁴, Habib Dhahri^1,5, Esam Mohammed Asem Othman¹, Arif Jamal Malik⁶, Aaqif Afzaal Abbasi⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 963-979, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019291
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning, Information Fusion, and Features Selection for Video Surveillance Application)
Abstract Searching images from the large image databases is one of the potential research areas of multimedia research. The most challenging task for nay CBIR system is to capture the high level semantic of user. The researchers of multimedia domain are trying to fix this issue with the help of Relevance Feedback (RF). However existing RF based approaches needs a number of iteration to fulfill user's requirements. This paper proposed a novel methodology to achieve better results in early iteration to reduce the user interaction with the system. In previous research work it is reported that SVM based RF approach generating… More >

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Abdollah Amirkhani^1,*, Amir Hossein Barshooi¹, Amir Ebrahimi²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 981-997, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019001
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Machine Learning Applications in Medical, Finance, Education and Cyber Security)
Abstract The performance and accuracy of computer vision systems are affected by noise in different forms. Although numerous solutions and algorithms have been presented for dealing with every type of noise, a comprehensive technique that can cover all the diverse noises and mitigate their damaging effects on the performance and precision of various systems is still missing. In this paper, we have focused on the stability and robustness of one computer vision branch (i.e., visual object tracking). We have demonstrated that, without imposing a heavy computational load on a model or changing its algorithms, the drop in the performance and accuracy… More >

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Samer Alabed^*, Issam Maaz, Mohammad Al-Rabayah
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 999-1015, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019758
Abstract Single-relay selection techniques based on the max-min criterion can achieve the highest bit error rate (BER) performance with full diversity gain as compared to the state-of-the-art single-relay selection techniques. Therefore, in this work, we propose a modified max-min criterion by considering the differences among the close value channels of all relays while selecting the best relay node. The proposed criterion not only enjoys full diversity gain but also offers a significant improvement in the achievable coding gain as compared to the conventional one. Basically, in this article, an improved bi-directional three-phase single-relay selection technique using the decode-and-forward protocol for wireless… More >

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Akashdeep Bhardwaj¹, Ahmed A. Mohamed^2,3,*, Manoj Kumar¹, Mohammed Alshehri⁴, Ahed Abugabah⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1017-1032, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018736
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Application of Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Learning Approach for Learning Process in COVID-19/Industrial Revolution 4.0)
Abstract The recent unprecedented threat from COVID-19 and past epidemics, such as SARS, AIDS, and Ebola, has affected millions of people in multiple countries. Countries have shut their borders, and their nationals have been advised to self-quarantine. The variety of responses to the pandemic has given rise to data privacy concerns. Infection prevention and control strategies as well as disease control measures, especially real-time contact tracing for COVID-19, require the identification of people exposed to COVID-19. Such tracing frameworks use mobile apps and geolocations to trace individuals. However, while the motive may be well intended, the limitations and security issues associated… More >

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Kanwal Imran^1,*, Nasreen Anjum², Abdullah Alghamdi³, Asadullah Shaikh³, Mohammed Hamdi³, Saeed Mahfooz¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1033-1052, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018589
Abstract IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) provides IP connectivity to the highly constrained nodes in the Internet of Things (IoTs). 6LoWPAN allows nodes with limited battery power and storage capacity to carry IPv6 datagrams over the lossy and error-prone radio links offered by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, thus acting as an adoption layer between the IPv6 protocol and IEEE 802.15.4 network. The data link layer of IEEE 802.15.4 in 6LoWPAN is based on AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), but the 6LoWPAN standard lacks and has omitted the security and privacy requirements at higher layers. The sensor nodes in… More >

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Lijo Jacob Varghese¹, K. Dhayalini², Suma Sira Jacob³, Ihsan Ali^4,*, Abdelzahir Abdelmaboud⁵, Taiseer Abdalla Elfadil Eisa⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1053-1067, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019435
Abstract Peer-to-Peer (P2P) electricity trading is a significant research area that offers maximum fulfilment for both prosumer and consumer. It also decreases the quantity of line loss incurred in Smart Grid (SG). But, uncertainities in demand and supply of the electricity might lead to instability in P2P market for both prosumer and consumer. In recent times, numerous Machine Learning (ML)-enabled load predictive techniques have been developed, while most of the existing studies did not consider its implicit features, optimal parameter selection, and prediction stability. In order to overcome fulfill this research gap, the current research paper presents a new Multi-Objective Grasshopper… More >

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R. Nithya¹, K. Amudha^2,*, A. Syed Musthafa³, Dilip Kumar Sharma⁴, Edwin Hernan Ramirez-Asis⁵, Priya Velayutham⁶, V. Subramaniyaswamy⁷, Sudhakar Sengan⁸
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1069-1087, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019221
Abstract The 5G demonstrations in a business has a significant role in today's fast-moving technology. Manet in 5G, drives a wireless system intended at an enormously high data rate, lower energy, low latency, and cost. For this reason, routing protocols of MANET have the possibility of being fundamentally flexible, high performance, and energy-efficient. The 5G communication aims to afford higher data rates and significantly low Over-The-Air latency. Motivated through supplementary ACO routing processes, a security-aware, fuzzy improved ant colony routing optimization protocol is proposed in MANETs. The goal is to develop a MANET routing protocol that could provide a stable packet… More >

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Tehreem Aslam¹, Ayesha Maqbool¹, Maham Akhtar¹, Alina Mirza^2,*, Muhammad Anees Khan³, Wazir Zada Khan⁴, Shadab Alam⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1089-1109, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019416
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Emerging Trends in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning)
Abstract Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software is extensively used for the management of business processes. ERP offers a system of integrated applications with a shared central database. Storing all business-critical information in a central place raises various issues such as data integrity assurance and a single point of failure, which makes the database vulnerable. This paper investigates database and Blockchain integration, where the Blockchain network works in synchronization with the database system, and offers a mechanism to validate the transactions and ensure data integrity. Limited research exists on Blockchain-based solutions for the single point of failure in ERP. We established in… More >

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Wejdan Wasel Aljaghthami^*, Mohammad Haseeb Zafar, Afraa Zuhair Attiah
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1111-1126, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019912
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Pervasive Computing and Communication: Challenges, Technologies & Opportunities)
Abstract The accelerated development of wireless network technology has resulted in the emergence of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), which is a technology commonly used in the medical field. WBAN consists of tiny sensor nodes that interconnect with each other and set in the human body to collect and transmit the patient data to the physician, to monitor the patients remotely. These nodes typically have limited battery energy that led to a shortage of network lifetime. Therefore, energy efficiency is considered one of the most demanding challenges in routing design for WBAN. Many proposed routing mechanisms in WBAN did not cover… More >

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Nadia Tabassum¹, Tahir Alyas², Muhammad Hamid^3,*, Muhammad Saleem⁴, Saadia Malik⁵, Syeda Binish Zahra²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1127-1140, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019760
Abstract Cloud systems are tools and software for cloud computing that are deployed on the Internet or a cloud computing network, and users can use them at any time. After assessing and choosing cloud providers, however, customers confront the variety and difficulty of quality of service (QoS). To increase customer retention and engagement success rates, it is critical to research and develops an accurate and objective evaluation model. Cloud is the emerging environment for distributed services at various layers. Due to the benefits of this environment, globally cloud is being taken as a standard environment for individuals as well as for… More >

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1148

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Walid El-Shafai¹, Anas M. Ali^1,2, El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie¹, Naglaa F. Soliman^3,*, Abeer D. Algarni³, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie^1,3
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1141-1157, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018547
Abstract In developing countries, medical diagnosis is expensive and time consuming. Hence, automatic diagnosis can be a good cheap alternative. This task can be performed with artificial intelligence tools such as deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). These tools can be used on medical images to speed up the diagnosis process and save the efforts of specialists. The deep CNNs allow direct learning from the medical images. However, the accessibility of classified data is still the largest challenge, particularly in the field of medical imaging. Transfer learning can deliver an effective and promising solution by transferring knowledge from universal object detection CNNs… More >

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K. Muthumayil¹, M. Buvana², K. R. Sekar³, Adnen El Amraoui^4,*, Issam Nouaouri⁴, Romany F. Mansour⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1159-1175, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.017178
Abstract The outbreak of COVID-19 affected global nations and is posing serious challenges to healthcare systems across the globe. Radiologists use X-Rays or Computed Tomography (CT) images to confirm the presence of COVID-19. So, image processing techniques play an important role in diagnostic procedures and it helps the healthcare professionals during critical times. The current research work introduces Multi-objective Black Widow Optimization (MBWO)-based Convolutional Neural Network i.e., MBWO-CNN technique for diagnosis and classification of COVID-19. MBWO-CNN model involves four steps such as preprocessing, feature extraction, parameter tuning, and classification. In the beginning, the input images undergo preprocessing followed by CNN-based feature… More >

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Murad A. A. Almekhlaf¹, Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^2,3,*, Imran Khan⁴, Nadhem Nemri⁵, Khalid Mahmood⁵, Hany Mahgoub⁶, Noha Negm⁷, Amin M. El-Kustaban⁸, Ammar Zahary⁹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1177-1193, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019626
Abstract The increasing use of fossil fuels has a significant impact on the environment and ecosystem, which increases the rate of pollution. Given the high potential of renewable energy sources in Yemen and the absence of similar studies in the region, this study aims to examine the potential of wind energy in Socotra Island. This was done by analyzing and evaluating wind properties, determining available energy density, calculating wind energy extracted at different altitudes, and then computing the capacity factor for a number of wind turbines and determining the best. The average wind speed in Socotra Island was obtained from the… More >

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Chia-Nan Wang¹, Shao-Dong Syu^1,2,*, Chien-Chang Chou³, Viet Tinh Nguyen⁴, Dang Van Thuy Cuc⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1195-1207, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019890
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Big Data for Supply Chain Management in the Service and Manufacturing Sectors)
Abstract Agriculture is a key facilitator of economic prosperity and nourishes the huge global population. To achieve sustainable agriculture, several factors should be considered, such as increasing nutrient and water efficiency and/or improving soil health and quality. Using fertilizer is one of the fastest and easiest ways to improve the quality of nutrients inland and increase the effectiveness of crop yields. Fertilizer supplies most of the necessary nutrients for plants, and it is estimated that at least 30%–50% of crop yields is attributable to commercial fertilizer nutrient inputs. Fertilizer is always a major concern in achieving sustainable and efficient agriculture. Applying… More >

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Iman Almomani^1,2,*, Aala AlKhayer¹, Walid El-Shafai^1,3
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1209-1228, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018631
Abstract Ransomware is considered one of the most threatening cyberattacks. Existing solutions have focused mainly on discriminating ransomware by analyzing the apps themselves, but they have overlooked possible ways of hiding ransomware apps and making them difficult to be detected and then analyzed. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel ransomware hiding model by utilizing a block-based High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) steganography approach. The main idea of the proposed steganography approach is the division of the secret ransomware data and cover HEVC frames into different blocks. After that, the Least Significant Bit (LSB) based Hamming Distance (HD) calculation is performed amongst the… More >

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Suma Sira Jacob^1,*, K. Muthumayil², M. Kavitha³, Lijo Jacob Varghese⁴, M. Ilayaraja⁵, Irina V. Pustokhina⁶, Denis A. Pustokhin⁷
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1229-1245, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019019
Abstract Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an emerging technology which find useful in several application areas such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, border surveillance, etc. Several issues that exist in the designing of WSN are node localization, coverage, energy efficiency, security, and so on. In spite of the issues, node localization is considered an important issue, which intends to calculate the coordinate points of unknown nodes with the assistance of anchors. The efficiency of the WSN can be considerably influenced by the node localization accuracy. Therefore, this paper presents a modified search and rescue optimization based node localization technique (MSRO-NLT) for WSN.… More >

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J. V. Anchitaalagammai¹, T. Jayasankar^2,*, P. Selvaraj³, Mohamed Yacin Sikkandar⁴, M. Zakarya^5,6, Mohamed Elhoseny⁷, K. Shankar⁸
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1247-1261, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.017910
Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) is a technological revolution that redefined communication and computation of modern era. IoT generally refers to a network of gadgets linked via wireless network and communicates via internet. Resource management, especially energy management, is a critical issue when designing IoT devices. Several studies reported that clustering and routing are energy efficient solutions for optimal management of resources in IoT environment. In this point of view, the current study devises a new Energy-Efficient Clustering-based Routing technique for Resource Management i.e., EECBRM in IoT environment. The proposed EECBRM model has three stages namely, fuzzy logic-based clustering, Lion Whale… More >

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M. Arun Manicka Raja^1,*, S. Swamynathan²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1263-1280, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019451
Abstract News feed is one of the potential information providing sources which give updates on various topics of different domains. These updates on various topics need to be collected since the domain specific interested users are in need of important updates in their domains with organized data from various sources. In this paper, the news summarization system is proposed for the news data streams from RSS feeds and Google news. Since news stream analysis requires live content, the news data are continuously collected for our experimentation. The major contributions of this work involve domain corpus based news collection, news content extraction,… More >

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Mohamed Abdel-Basset¹, Asmaa Atef¹, Mohamed Abouhawwash^2,3, Yunyoung Nam^4,*, Nabil M. AbdelAziz¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1281-1296, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018947
Abstract The critical path method is one of the oldest and most important techniques used for planning and scheduling projects. The main objective of project management science is to determine the critical path through a network representation of projects. The critical path through a network can be determined by many algorithms and is useful for managing, monitoring, and controlling the time and cost of an entire project. The essential problem in this case is that activity durations are uncertain; time presents considerable uncertainty because the time of an activity is not always easily or accurately estimated. This issue increases the need… More >

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C. S. S. Anupama¹, L. Natrayan², E. Laxmi Lydia³, Abdul Rahaman Wahab Sait⁴, José Escorcia-Gutierrez⁵, Margarita Gamarra^6,*, Romany F. Mansour⁷
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1297-1313, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018396
Abstract Nowadays, quality improvement and increased accessibility to patient data, at a reasonable cost, are highly challenging tasks in healthcare sector. Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing (CC) architectures are utilized in the development of smart healthcare systems. These entities can support real-time applications by exploiting massive volumes of data, produced by wearable sensor devices. The advent of evolutionary computation algorithms and Deep Learning (DL) models has gained significant attention in healthcare diagnosis, especially in decision making process. Skin cancer is the deadliest disease which affects people across the globe. Automatic skin lesion classification model has a highly important application… More >

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Naglaa F. Soliman^1,2, Naglaa S. Ali², Mahmoud I. Aly^2,3, Abeer D. Algarni^1,*, Walid El-Shafai⁴, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie^1,4
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1315-1334, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.017001
Abstract Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer, and it is the reason for cancer death toll in women in recent years. Early diagnosis is essential to handle breast cancer patients for treatment at the right time. Screening with mammography is the preferred examination for breast cancer, as it is available worldwide and inexpensive. Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) systems are used to analyze medical images to detect breast cancer, early. The death rate of cancer patients has decreased by detecting tumors early and having appropriate treatment after operations. Processing of mammogram images has four main steps: pre-processing, segmentation of the… More >

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Ahed Abugabah^1,*, Louis Sanzogni², Luke Houghton², Ahmad Ali AlZubi³, Alaa Abuqabbeh⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1335-1348, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019097
Abstract Radio frequency identification (RFID), also known as electronic label technology, is a non-contact automated identification technology that recognizes the target object and extracts relevant data and critical characteristics using radio frequency signals. Medical equipment information management is an important part of the construction of a modern hospital, as it is linked to the degree of diagnosis and care, as well as the hospital’s benefits and growth. The aim of this study is to create an integrated view of a theoretical framework to identify factors that influence RFID adoption in healthcare, as well as to conduct an empirical review of the… More >

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Nancy Abbas El-Hefnawy^1,*, Osama Abdel Raouf², Heba Askr³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1349-1362, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.017787
Abstract Time and space complexity is the most critical problem of the current routing optimization algorithms for Software Defined Networking (SDN). To overcome this complexity, researchers use meta-heuristic techniques inside the routing optimization algorithms in the OpenFlow (OF) based large scale SDNs. This paper proposes a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm to optimize the dynamic routing problem for the large scale SDNs. Due to the dynamic nature of SDNs, the proposed algorithm uses a mutation operator to overcome the memory-based problem of the ant colony algorithm. Besides, it uses the box-covering method and the k-means clustering method to divide the SDN network to… More >

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Shabir Ahmad¹, Faisal Jamil², Abid Ali³, Ehtisham Khan⁴, Muhammad Ibrahim², Taeg Keun Whangbo^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1363-1379, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.017715
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent Software-defined Networking (SDN) Technologies for Future Generation Networks)
Abstract The concept of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) evolves to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional networks with Internet Protocol (I.P.) packets sending and packets handling. The SDN structure is one of the critical advantages of efficiently separating the data plane from the control plane to manage the network configurations and network management. Whenever there are multiple sending devices inside the SDN network, the OpenFlow switches are programmed to handle the limited number of requests for their interface. When the recommendations are exceeded from the specific threshold, the load on the switches also increases. This research article introduces a new approach named… More >

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Ahmed Reda^*, Sherif Barakat, Amira Rezk
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1381-1399, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019809
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis)
Abstract Many respiratory infections around the world have been caused by coronaviruses. COVID-19 is one of the most serious coronaviruses due to its rapid spread between people and the lowest survival rate. There is a high need for computer-assisted diagnostics (CAD) in the area of artificial intelligence to help doctors and radiologists identify COVID-19 patients in cloud systems. Machine learning (ML) has been used to examine chest X-ray frames. In this paper, a new transfer learning-based optimized extreme deep learning paradigm is proposed to identify the chest X-ray picture into three classes, a pneumonia patient, a COVID-19 patient, or a normal… More >

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Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman¹, Fawad Ahmed¹, Muhammad Attique Khan², Usman Tariq³, Sajjad Shaukat Jamal⁴, Jawad Ahmad^5,*, Iqtadar Hussain⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1401-1417, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019046
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning and Saliency Methods for Agriculture)
Abstract In recent years, the field of deep learning has played an important role towards automatic detection and classification of diseases in vegetables and fruits. This in turn has helped in improving the quality and production of vegetables and fruits. Citrus fruits are well known for their taste and nutritional values. They are one of the natural and well known sources of vitamin C and planted worldwide. There are several diseases which severely affect the quality and yield of citrus fruits. In this paper, a new deep learning based technique is proposed for citrus disease classification. Two different pre-trained deep learning… More >

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Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi^*, Imran Bin Mohd Ibrahim, Zahriladha Zakaria, Badrul Hisham Ahmad, Noor Azwan Bin Shairi, Mohammed Yousif Zeain
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1419-1436, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019741
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advances in 5G Antenna Designs and Systems)
Abstract In this paper, a high gain and directional coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed ultra-wideband (UWB) planar antenna with a new frequency selective surface (FSS) unit cells design is proposed for UWB applications. The proposed UWB antenna was designed based on the Mercedes artistic-shaped planar (MAP) antenna. The antenna consisted of a circular ring embedded with three straight legs for antenna impedance bandwidth improvement. The modelled FSS used the integration of a two parallel conductive metallic patch with a circular loop structure. The FSS provided a UWB stopband filter response covering a bandwidth of 10.5 GHz, for frequencies from 2.2 to 12.7 GHz.… More >

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Eugene Tan, Yung-Wey Chong^*, Mohammed F. R. Anbar
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1437-1459, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019516
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Emerging Trends in Software-Defined Networking for Industry 4.0)
Abstract Software-defined networking (SDN) is a paradigm shift in modern networking. However, centralised controller architecture in SDN imposed flow setup overhead issue as the control plane handles all flows regardless of size and priority. Existing frameworks strictly reduce control plane overhead and it does not focus on rule placement of the flows itself. Furthermore, existing frameworks do not focus on managing elephant flows like RTSP. Thus, the proposed mechanism will use the flow statistics gathering method such as random packet sampling to determine elephant flow and microflow via a pre-defined threshold. This mechanism will ensure that the control plane works at… More >

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Abir Jendoubi^1,*, Frédéric Legeron²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1461-1477, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018832
Abstract As inferred from earthquake engineering literature, considering soil structure interaction (SSI) effects is important in evaluating the response of transmission line towers (TLT) to dynamic loads such as impulse loads. The proposed study investigates the dynamic effects of SSI on TLT behavior. Linear and non-linear models are studied. In the linear model, the soil is represented by complex impedances, dependent of dynamic frequency, determined from numerical simulations. The nonlinear model considers the soil non-linear behavior in its material constitutive law and foundation uplift in a non-linear time history analysis. The simplified structure behavior of a typical lattice transmission tower is… More >

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Jaleel Nazir^1,2, Muhammad Waseem Iqbal¹, Tahir Alyas², Muhammad Hamid³, Muhammad Saleem⁴, Saadia Malik⁵, Nadia Tabassum^6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1479-1490, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019344
Abstract Load balancing is a technique for identifying overloaded and underloaded nodes and balancing the load between them. To maximize various performance parameters in cloud computing, researchers suggested various load balancing approaches. To store and access data and services provided by the different service providers through the network over different regions, cloud computing is one of the latest technology systems for both end-users and service providers. The volume of data is increasing due to the pandemic and a significant increase in usage of the internet has also been experienced. Users of the cloud are looking for services that are intelligent, and,… More >

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1171

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Faiz Ali Shah¹, Muhammad Attique Khan², Muhammad Sharif¹, Usman Tariq³, Aimal Khan⁴, Seifedine Kadry⁵, Orawit Thinnukool^6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1491-1507, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019490
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning and Saliency Methods for Agriculture)
Abstract Fruit diseases seriously affect the production of the agricultural sector, which builds financial pressure on the country's economy. The manual inspection of fruit diseases is a chaotic process that is both time and cost-consuming since it involves an accurate manual inspection by an expert. Hence, it is essential that an automated computerised approach is developed to recognise fruit diseases based on leaf images. According to the literature, many automated methods have been developed for the recognition of fruit diseases at the early stage. However, these techniques still face some challenges, such as the similar symptoms of different fruit diseases and… More >

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Syed Rameez Naqvi¹, Adnan Ahmad¹, S. M. Riazul Islam^2,*, Tallha Akram¹, M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud³, Atif Alamri⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1509-1526, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019653
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning, Information Fusion, and Features Selection for Video Surveillance Application)
Abstract Scheduling a sports tournament is a complex optimization problem, which requires a large number of hard constraints to satisfy. Despite the availability of several such constraints in the literature, there remains a gap since most of the new sports events pose their own unique set of requirements, and demand novel constraints. Specifically talking of the strictly time bound events, ensuring fairness between the different teams in terms of their rest days, traveling, and the number of successive games they play, becomes a difficult task to resolve, and demands attention. In this work, we present a similar situation with a recently… More >

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R. Chithra Devi^1,*, D. Jemi Florinabel², Narayanan Prasanth³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1527-1540, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019343
Abstract The high-performance computing paradigm needs high-speed switching fabrics to meet the heavy traffic generated by their applications. These switching fabrics are efficiently driven by the deployed scheduling algorithms. In this paper, we proposed two scheduling algorithms for input queued switches whose operations are based on ranking procedures. At first, we proposed a Simple 2-Bit (S2B) scheme which uses binary ranking procedure and queue size for scheduling the packets. Here, the Virtual Output Queue (VOQ) set with maximum number of empty queues receives higher rank than other VOQ’s. Through simulation, we showed S2B has better throughput performance than Highest Ranking First… More >

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Shubham Mahajan^1,*, Akshay Raina², Mohamed Abouhawwash^3,4, Xiao-Zhi Gao⁵, Amit Kant Pandit¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1541-1556, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019496
Abstract Like the Covid-19 pandemic, smallpox virus infection broke out in the last century, wherein 500 million deaths were reported along with enormous economic loss. But unlike smallpox, the Covid-19 recorded a low exponential infection rate and mortality rate due to advancement in medical aid and diagnostics. Data analytics, machine learning, and automation techniques can help in early diagnostics and supporting treatments of many reported patients. This paper proposes a robust and efficient methodology for the early detection of COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray scans utilizing enhanced deep learning techniques. Our study suggests that using the Prediction and Deconvolutional Modules in combination… More >

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R. Sujitha^*, B. Paramasivan
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1557-1572, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019323
Abstract With the modernization of machine learning techniques in healthcare, different innovations including support vector machine (SVM) have predominantly played a major role in classifying lung cancer, predicting coronavirus disease 2019, and other diseases. In particular, our algorithm focuses on integrated datasets as compared with other existing works. In this study, parallel-based SVM (P-SVM) and multiclass-based multiple submodels (MMSM-SVM) were used to analyze the optimal classification of lung diseases. This analysis aimed to find the optimal classification of lung diseases with id and stages, such as key-value pairs in MapReduce combined with P-SVM and MMSVM for binary and multiclasses, respectively. For… More >

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Nadia Tabassum¹, Tahir Alyas², Muhammad Hamid^3,*, Muhammad Saleem⁴, Saadia Malik⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1573-1584, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019389
Abstract Cloud computing is an emerging domain that is capturing global users from all walks of life—the corporate sector, government sector, and social arena as well. Various cloud providers have offered multiple services and facilities to this audience and the number of providers is increasing very swiftly. This enormous pace is generating the requirement of a comprehensive ecosystem that shall provide a seamless and customized user environment not only to enhance the user experience but also to improve security, availability, accessibility, and latency. Emerging technology is providing robust solutions to many of our problems, the cloud platform is one of them.… More >

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Ahmed S. Alghamdi¹, Surayya Naz², Ammar Saeed³, Eesa Al Solami¹, Muhammad Kamran^1,*, Mohammed Saeed Alkatheiri¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1585-1601, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019936
Abstract With widespread use of relational database in various real-life applications, maintaining integrity and providing copyright protection is gaining keen interest of the researchers. For this purpose, watermarking has been used for quite a long time. Watermarking requires the role of trusted third party and a mechanism to extract digital signatures (watermark) to prove the ownership of the data under dispute. This is often inefficient as lots of processing is required. Moreover, certain malicious attacks, like additive attacks, can give rise to a situation when more than one parties can claim the ownership of the same data by inserting and detecting… More >

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Osama S. Faragallah^1,*, M. Farouk², Hala S. El-sayed³, Mohsen A.M. El-bendary⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1603-1615, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019710
Abstract Audio communications and computer networking play essential roles in our daily lives, including many domains with different scopes. Developments in these technologies are quick. In consequence, there is a dire need to secure these technologies up to date. This paper presents an efficient model for secure audio signal transmission over the wireless noisy uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel. Also, the performance of the utilized multiple secret keys-based audio cryptosystem is analyzed in different transformation domains. The discrete cosine transform (DCT), the discrete sine transform (DST), and the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are investigated in the utilized multiple secret key-based audio cryptosystem.… More >

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912

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Khadija Manzoor¹, Fiaz Majeed², Ansar Siddique², Talha Meraj³, Hafiz Tayyab Rauf^4,*, Mohammed A. El-Meligy⁵, Mohamed Sharaf⁶, Abd Elatty E. Abd Elgawad⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1617-1630, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018621
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis)
Abstract Skin diseases effectively influence all parts of life. Early and accurate detection of skin cancer is necessary to avoid significant loss. The manual detection of skin diseases by dermatologists leads to misclassification due to the same intensity and color levels. Therefore, an automated system to identify these skin diseases is required. Few studies on skin disease classification using different techniques have been found. However, previous techniques failed to identify multi-class skin disease images due to their similar appearance. In the proposed study, a computer-aided framework for automatic skin disease detection is presented. In the proposed research, we collected and normalized… More >

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Yeongje Uhm¹, Wooguil Pak^2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1631-1648, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019667
Abstract Security measures are urgently required to mitigate the recent rapid increase in network security attacks. Although methods employing machine learning have been researched and developed to detect various network attacks effectively, these are passive approaches that cannot protect the network from attacks, but detect them after the end of the session. Since such passive approaches cannot provide fundamental security solutions, we propose an active approach that can prevent further damage by detecting and blocking attacks in real time before the session ends. The proposed technology uses a two-level classifier structure: the first-stage classifier supports real-time classification, and the second-stage classifier… More >

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Ali Raza¹, Muhammad Rafiq², Dalal Alrowaili³, Nauman Ahmed⁴, Ilyas Khan^5,*, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar⁶, Muhammad Mohsin⁷
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1649-1666, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019148
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Role of Computer in Modelling & Solving Real-World Problems)
Abstract Nonlinear modelling has a significant role in different disciplines of sciences such as behavioral, social, physical and biological sciences. The structural properties are also needed for such types of disciplines, as dynamical consistency, positivity and boundedness are the major requirements of the models in these fields. One more thing, this type of nonlinear model has no explicit solutions. For the sake of comparison its computation will be done by using different computational techniques. Regrettably, the aforementioned structural properties have not been restored in the existing computational techniques in literature. Therefore, the construction of structural preserving computational techniques are needed. The… More >

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Chia-Nan Wang¹, Ming-Cheng Tsou^2,*, Chih-Hung Wang³, Viet Tinh Nguyen⁴, Pham Ngo Thi Phuong⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1667-1681, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019833
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Big Data for Supply Chain Management in the Service and Manufacturing Sectors)
Abstract Suppliers play the vital role of ensuring the continuous supply of goods to the market for businesses. If businesses do not maintain a strong bond with their suppliers, they may not be able to secure a steady supply of goods and products for their customers. As a result of failure to deliver products, the production and business activities of the business can be delayed which leads to the loss of customers. Normally, each trading enterprise will have a variety of commodity supply chains with multiple suppliers. Suppliers play an important role and contribute to the value of the entire supply… More >

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1406

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Mohamed Esmail Karar^1,2, Marwa Ahmed Shouman³, Claire Chalopin^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1683-1697, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018564
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Machine Learning Applications in Medical, Finance, Education and Cyber Security)
Abstract The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has begun in China and is still affecting thousands of patient lives worldwide daily. Although Chest X-ray and Computed Tomography are the gold standard medical imaging modalities for diagnosing potentially infected COVID-19 cases, applying Ultrasound (US) imaging technique to accomplish this crucial diagnosing task has attracted many physicians recently. In this article, we propose two modified deep learning classifiers to identify COVID-19 and pneumonia diseases in US images, based on generative adversarial neural networks (GANs). The proposed image classifiers are a semi-supervised GAN and a modified GAN with auxiliary classifier. Each one includes… More >

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Haris Masood¹, Amad Zafar², Muhammad Umair Ali³, Muhammad Attique Khan⁴, Salman Ahmed¹, Usman Tariq⁵, Byeong-Gwon Kang⁶, Yunyoung Nam^6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1699-1719, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019572
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning, Information Fusion, and Features Selection for Video Surveillance Application)
Abstract Object recognition and tracking are two of the most dynamic research sub-areas that belong to the field of Computer Vision. Computer vision is one of the most active research fields that lies at the intersection of deep learning and machine vision. This paper presents an efficient ensemble algorithm for the recognition and tracking of fixed shape moving objects while accommodating the shift and scale invariances that the object may encounter. The first part uses the Maximum Average Correlation Height (MACH) filter for object recognition and determines the bounding box coordinates. In case the correlation based MACH filter fails, the algorithms… More >

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1338

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Sultan Noman Qasem^1,2, Mohammed Al-Sarem^3,4, Faisal Saeed^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1721-1747, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018972
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Emerging Trends in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning)
Abstract Rumors regarding epidemic diseases such as COVID 19, medicines and treatments, diagnostic methods and public emergencies can have harmful impacts on health and political, social and other aspects of people’s lives, especially during emergency situations and health crises. With huge amounts of content being posted to social media every second during these situations, it becomes very difficult to detect fake news (rumors) that poses threats to the stability and sustainability of the healthcare sector. A rumor is defined as a statement for which truthfulness has not been verified. During COVID 19, people found difficulty in obtaining the most truthful news… More >

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Wafa Difallah^1,2,*, Fateh Bounaama², Belkacem Draoui², Khelifa Benahmed³, Abdelkader Laaboudi⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1749-1767, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019071
Abstract Water conservation starts from rationalizing irrigation, as it is the largest consumer of this vital source. Following the critical and urgent nature of this issue, several works have been proposed. The idea of most researchers is to develop irrigation management systems to meet the water needs of plants with optimal use of this resource. In fact, irrigation water requirement is only the amount of water that must be applied to compensate the evapotranspiration loss. Penman-Monteith equation is the most common formula to evaluate reference evapotranspiration, but it requires many factors that cannot be available in many cases. This leads to… More >

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