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Mahmoud Alawi¹, Raed Alsaqour², Abdi Abdalla³, Maha Abdelhaq^4,*, Mueen Uddin⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2313-2337, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018282
Abstract The growing demands of vehicular network applications, which have diverse networking and multimedia capabilities that passengers use while traveling, cause an overload of cellular networks. This scenario affects the quality of service (QoS) of vehicle and non-vehicle users. Nowadays, wireless fidelity access points Wi-Fi access point (AP) and fourth generation long-term evolution advanced (4G LTE-A) networks are broadly accessible. Wi-Fi APs can be utilized by vehicle users to stabilize 4G LTE-A networks. However, utilizing the opportunistic Wi-Fi APs to offload the 4G LTE-A networks in a vehicular ad hoc network environment is a relatively difficult task. This condition is due… More >

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1139

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Chia-Nan Wang¹, Hsin-Pin Fu², Hsien-Pin Hsu^3,*, Van Thanh Nguyen⁴, Viet Tinh Nguyen⁴, Ansari Saleh Ahmar⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2339-2353, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016284
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Application of Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Learning Approach for Learning Process in COVID-19/Industrial Revolution 4.0)
Abstract In developing countries, solar energy is the largest source of energy, accounting for 35%–45% of the total energy supply. This energy resource plays a vital role in meeting the energy needs of the world, especially in Vietnam. Vietnam has favorable natural conditions for this energy production. Because it is hot and humid, and it has much rainfall and fertile soil, biomass develops very quickly. Therefore, byproducts from agriculture and forestry are abundant and continuously increasing. However, byproducts that are considered natural waste have become the cause of environmental pollution; these include burning forests, straw, and sawdust in the North; and… More >

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Linguo Li^1,2, Shujing Li^1,*, Jian Su³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2355-2366, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.019409
Abstract Brain tumor is one of the most common tumors with high mortality. Early detection is of great significance for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients. The single channel convolution layer and pool layer of traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) structure can only accept limited local context information. And most of the current methods only focus on the classification of benign and malignant brain tumors, multi classification of brain tumors is not common. In response to these shortcomings, considering that convolution kernels of different sizes can extract more comprehensive features, we put forward the multi-size convolutional kernel module. And considering that… More >

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1201

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Amr Hefny¹, Aboul Ella Hassanien², Sameh H. Basha^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2367-2386, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018017
Abstract Identity verification using authenticity evaluation of handwritten signatures is an important issue. There have been several approaches for the verification of signatures using dynamics of the signing process. Most of these approaches extract only global characteristics. With the aim of capturing both dynamic global and local features, this paper introduces a novel model for verifying handwritten dynamic signatures using neutrosophic rule-based verification system (NRVS) and Genetic NRVS (GNRVS) models. The neutrosophic Logic is structured to reflect multiple types of knowledge and relations among all features using three values: truth, indeterminacy, and falsity. These three values are determined by neutrosophic membership… More >

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1750

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1019

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Dah-Jing Jwo^*, Ming-Hsuan Lee
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2387-2403, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018670
Abstract In this paper, the integrity monitoring algorithm based on a Kalman filter (KF) based rate detector is employed in the vector tracking loop (VTL) of the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. In the VTL approach, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) simultaneously tracks the received signals and estimates the receiver’s position, velocity, etc. In contrast to the scalar tracking loop (STL) that uses the independent parallel tracking loop approach, the VTL technique uses the correlation of each satellite signal and user dynamics and thus reduces the risk of loss lock of signals. Although the VTL scheme provides several important advantages, the… More >

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1222

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Anabi Hilary Kelechi¹, Mohammed H. Alsharif², Anya Chukwudi-eke Anya³, Mathias U. Bonet¹, Samson Aiyudubie Uyi¹, Peerapong Uthansakul^4,*, Jamel Nebhen⁵, Ayman A. Aly⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2405-2424, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018686
Abstract Water is one of the needs with remarkable significance to man and other living things. Water quality management is a concept based on the continuous monitoring of water quality. The monitoring scheme aims to accumulate data to make decisions on water resource descriptions, identify real and emergent issues involving water pollution, formulate priorities, and plan for water quality management. The regularly considered parameters when conducting water quality monitoring are turbidity, pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia, and metal ions. The usual method employed in capturing these water parameters is the manual collection and sending… More >

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2445

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ARTICLE

Nimmala Mangathayaru^1,*, Padmaja Rani², Vinjamuri Janaki³, Kalyanapu Srinivas⁴, B. Mathura Bai¹, G. Sai Mohan¹, B. Lalith Bharadwaj¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2425-2443, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016534
Abstract Arrhythmia is ubiquitous worldwide and cardiologists tend to provide solutions from the recent advancements in medicine. Detecting arrhythmia from ECG signals is considered a standard approach and hence, automating this process would aid the diagnosis by providing fast, cost-efficient, and accurate solutions at scale. This is executed by extracting the definite properties from the individual patterns collected from Electrocardiography (ECG) signals causing arrhythmia. In this era of applied intelligence, automated detection and diagnostic solutions are widely used for their spontaneous and robust solutions. In this research, our contributions are two-fold. Firstly, the Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) method is implied… More >

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2246

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1264

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ARTICLE

Cheng Gong^1,2, Xinzhu Yang¹, Wei Huangfu^3,4,*, Qinghua Lu⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2445-2457, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016713
Abstract Communication opportunities among vehicles are important for data transmission over the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Mixture models are appropriate to describe complex spatial-temporal data. By calculating the expectation of hidden variables in vehicle communication, Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm solves the maximum likelihood estimation of parameters, and then obtains the mixture model of vehicle communication opportunities. However, the EM algorithm requires multiple iterations and each iteration needs to process all the data. Thus its computational complexity is high. A parameter estimation algorithm with low computational complexity based on Bin Count (BC) and Differential Evolution (DE) (PEBCDE) is proposed. It overcomes the… More >

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1055

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ARTICLE

Neelam Sharma^1,*, Harshita Chadha², Karan Singh³, B. M. Singh⁴, Nitish Pathak⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2459-2473, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014305
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Intelligent Communication Systems: Smart Wireless Digital Devices and IoT)
Abstract Wireless sensor networks are a collection of intelligent sensor devices that are connected to one another and have the capability to exchange information packets amongst themselves. In recent years, this field of research has become increasingly popular due to the host of useful applications it can potentially serve. A deep analysis of the concepts associated with this domain reveals that the two main problems that are to be tackled here are throughput enhancement and network security improvement. The present article takes on one of these two issues namely the throughput enhancement. For the purpose of improving network productivity, a hybrid… More >

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1204

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ARTICLE

Saddam Bekhet^1,*, Monagi H. Alkinani², Reinel Tabares-Soto³, M. Hassaballah⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2475-2491, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018514
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis)
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is a significant milestone in the modern history of civilization with a catastrophic effect on global wellbeing and monetary. The situation is very complex as the COVID-19 test kits are limited, therefore, more diagnostic methods must be developed urgently. A significant initial step towards the successful diagnosis of the COVID-19 is the chest X-ray or Computed Tomography (CT), where any chest anomalies (e.g., lung inflammation) can be easily identified. Most hospitals possess X-ray or CT imaging equipments that can be used for early detection of COVID-19. Motivated by this, various artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been developed… More >

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1366

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Jian Li^1,3, Weijian Zhang¹, Yating Hu^1,4, Xiaoguang Li^2,*, Zhun Wang¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2493-2511, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018743
Abstract This paper proposes a formation of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on the R5DOS (RCC-5 and orientation direction) intersection model. After improving the R5DOS-intersection model, we evenly arranged 16 UAVs in 16 spatial regions. Compared with those of the rectangular formation model and the grid formation model, the communication costs, time costs, and energy costs of the R5DOS model formation were effectively reduced. At the same time, the operation time of UAV formation was significantly enhanced. The leader-follower method can enhance the robustness of the UAV formation and ensure the integrity of communication during UAV formation operation. Finally, we… More >

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2018

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1124

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ARTICLE

Faisal Jamil¹, Faiza Qayyum¹, Soha Alhelaly², Farjeel Javed³, Ammar Muthanna^4,5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2513-2530, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018809
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancements in Lightweight AI for Constrained Internet of Things Devices for Smart Cities)
Abstract Nowadays, the blockchain, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence technology revolutionize the traditional way of data mining with the enhanced data preprocessing, and analytics approaches, including improved service platforms. Nevertheless, one of the main challenges is designing a combined approach that provides the analytics functionality for diverse data and sustains IoT applications with robust and modular blockchain-enabled services in a diverse environment. Improved data analytics model not only provides support insights in IoT data but also fosters process productivity. Designing a robust IoT-based secure analytic model is challenging for several purposes, such as data from diverse sources, increasing data size,… More >

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4

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Anil Kumar Gulivindala¹, M. V. A. Raju Bahubalendruni¹, R. Chandrasekar^1,2, Ejaz Ahmed², Mustufa Haider Abidi^3,*, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2531-2548, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018014
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Emerging Trends in Software-Defined Networking for Industry 4.0)
Abstract The evolution of Industry 4.0 made it essential to adopt the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing (CC) technologies to perform activities in the new age of manufacturing. These technologies enable collecting, storing, and retrieving essential information from the manufacturing stage. Data collected at sites are shared with others where execution automatedly occurs. The obtained information must be validated at manufacturing to avoid undesirable data losses during the de-manufacturing process. However, information sharing from the assembly level at the manufacturing stage to disassembly at the product end-of-life state is a major concern. The current research validates the information optimally… More >

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T. Prabhu^1,*, S. Chenthur Pandian²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2549-2562, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018793
Abstract This paper proposes, demonstrates, and describes a basic T-shaped Multi-Input and Multi-Output (MIMO) antenna with a resonant frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. Compared with the U-shaped antenna, the mutual coupling is minimized by using a T-shaped patch antenna. The T-shaped patch antenna shapes filter properties are tested to achieve separation over the 3.1 to 10.6 GHz frequency range. The parametric analysis, including width, duration, and spacing, is designed in the MIMO applications for good isolation. On the FR4 substratum, the configuration of MIMO is simulated. The appropriate dielectric material ɛ_r = 4.4 is introduced using this contribution and application… More >

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1994

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1583

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ARTICLE

Hemant Petwal^*, Rinkle Rani
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2563-2582, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017548
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Intelligent Decision Support Systems for Complex Healthcare Applications)
Abstract In the healthcare system, a surgical team is a unit of experienced personnel who provide medical care to surgical patients during surgery. Selecting a surgical team is challenging for a multispecialty hospital as the performance of its members affects the efficiency and reliability of the hospital’s patient care. The effectiveness of a surgical team depends not only on its individual members but also on the coordination among them. In this paper, we addressed the challenges of surgical team selection faced by a multispecialty hospital and proposed a decision-making framework for selecting the optimal list of surgical teams for a given… More >

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1943

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1175

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ARTICLE

Ling Tan¹, Yun Tan², Jiaohua Qin², Hao Tang^1,*, Xuyu Xiang², Dongshu Xie¹, Neal N. Xiong³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2583-2598, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017779
Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, the treatment of aortic dissection has faced additional challenges. The necessary medical resources are in serious shortage, and the preoperative waiting time has been significantly prolonged due to the requirement to test for COVID-19 infection. In this work, we focus on the risk prediction of aortic dissection surgery under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. A general scheme of medical data processing is proposed, which includes five modules, namely problem definition, data preprocessing, data mining, result analysis, and knowledge application. Based on effective data preprocessing, feature analysis and boosting trees, our proposed fusion decision model can… More >

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1377

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999

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ARTICLE

Sweta Bhattacharya¹, Praveen Kumar Reddy Maddikunta¹, Iyapparaja Meenakshisundaram¹, Thippa Reddy Gadekallu¹, Sparsh Sharma², Mohammed Alkahtani³, Mustufa Haider Abidi^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2599-2615, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016229
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Green IoT Networks using Machine Learning, Deep Learning Models)
Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) and related applications have witnessed enormous growth since its inception. The diversity of connecting devices and relevant applications have enabled the use of IoT devices in every domain. Although the applicability of these applications are predominant, battery life remains to be a major challenge for IoT devices, wherein unreliability and shortened life would make an IoT application completely useless. In this work, an optimized deep neural networks based model is used to predict the battery life of the IoT systems. The present study uses the Chicago Park Beach dataset collected from the publicly available data… More >

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1609

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ARTICLE

Jagmeet Kaur¹, Shakeel Ahmed², Yogesh Kumar³, A. Alaboudi⁴, N. Z. Jhanjhi⁵, Muhammad Fazal Ijaz^6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2617-2633, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017470
Abstract There has been an explosion of cloud services as organizations take advantage of their continuity, predictability, as well as quality of service and it raises the concern about latency, energy-efficiency, and security. This increase in demand requires new configurations of networks, products, and service operators. For this purpose, the software-defined network is an efficient technology that enables to support the future network functions along with the intelligent applications and packet optimization. This work analyzes the offline cloud scenario in which machines are efficiently deployed and scheduled for user processing requests. Performance is evaluated in terms of reducing bandwidth, task execution… More >

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Naila Rafiq¹, Saima Akram², Mudassir Shams^3,*, Nazir Ahmad Mir¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2635-2651, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018955
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Role of Computer in Modelling & Solving Real-World Problems)
Abstract In this research article, we construct a family of derivative free simultaneous numerical schemes to approximate all real zero of non-linear polynomial equation. We make a comparative analysis of the newly constructed numerical schemes with a well-known existing simultaneous method for determining all the distinct real zeros of polynomial equations using computer algebra system Mat Lab. Lower bound of convergence of simultaneous schemes is calculated using Mathematica. Global convergence property of the numerical schemes is presented by taking random starting initial approximation and their convergence history are graphically presented. Some real life engineering applications along with some higher degree polynomials… More >

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1427

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ARTICLE

Ahsan Aziz¹, Muhammad Attique¹, Usman Tariq², Yunyoung Nam^3,*, Muhammad Nazir¹, Chang-Won Jeong⁴, Reham R. Mostafa⁵, Rasha H. Sakr⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2653-2670, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018606
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis)
Abstract Owing to technological developments, Medical image analysis has received considerable attention in the rapid detection and classification of diseases. The brain is an essential organ in humans. Brain tumors cause loss of memory, vision, and name. In 2020, approximately 18,020 deaths occurred due to brain tumors. These cases can be minimized if a brain tumor is diagnosed at a very early stage. Computer vision researchers have introduced several techniques for brain tumor detection and classification. However, owing to many factors, this is still a challenging task. These challenges relate to the tumor size, the shape of a tumor, location of… More >

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1533

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ARTICLE

Xiaoli Hao^1,*, Xiaojuan Meng¹, Yueqin Zhang¹, JinDong Xue², Jinyue Xia³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2671-2685, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016856
Abstract In underground mining, the belt is a critical component, as its state directly affects the safe and stable operation of the conveyor. Most of the existing non-contact detection methods based on machine vision can only detect a single type of damage and they require pre-processing operations. This tends to cause a large amount of calculation and low detection precision. To solve these problems, in the work described in this paper a belt tear detection method based on a multi-class conditional deep convolutional generative adversarial network (CDCGAN) was designed. In the traditional DCGAN, the image generated by the generator has a… More >

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1807

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ARTICLE

Zakariae Dlimi^*, Abdellah Ezzati, Saïd Ben Alla
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2687-2703, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018942
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances of AI and Blockchain technologies for Future Smart City)
Abstract The smart city is a technological framework that connects the city’s different components to create new opportunities. This connection is possible with the help of the Internet of Things (IoT), which provides a digital personality to physical objects. Some studies have proposed integrating Blockchain technology with IoT in different use cases as access, orchestration, or replicated storage layer. The majority of connected objects’ capacity limitation makes the use of Blockchain inadequate due to its redundancy and its conventional processing-intensive consensus like PoW. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a NOVEL model of a lightweight Blockchain framework (IoT-SmartChain), with a… More >

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2409

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1918

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ARTICLE

Lin Zhou^1,*, Yue Xu¹, Tianyi Wang¹, Kun Feng¹, Jingang Shi²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2705-2716, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017080
Abstract Traditional separation methods have limited ability to handle the speech separation problem in high reverberant and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments, and thus achieve unsatisfactory results. In this study, a convolutional neural network with temporal convolution and residual network (TC-ResNet) is proposed to realize speech separation in a complex acoustic environment. A simplified steered-response power phase transform, denoted as GSRP-PHAT, is employed to reduce the computational cost. The extracted features are reshaped to a special tensor as the system inputs and implements temporal convolution, which not only enlarges the receptive field of the convolution layer but also significantly reduces the… More >

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ARTICLE

Munir Ahmad¹, Majed Alfayad², Shabib Aftab^1,3, Muhammad Adnan Khan^4,*, Areej Fatima⁵, Bilal Shoaib⁶, Mohammad Sh. Daoud⁷, Nouh Sabri Elmitwally^2,8
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2717-2731, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.019013
Abstract Heart disease, which is also known as cardiovascular disease, includes various conditions that affect the heart and has been considered a major cause of death over the past decades. Accurate and timely detection of heart disease is the single key factor for appropriate investigation, treatment, and prescription of medication. Emerging technologies such as fog, cloud, and mobile computing provide substantial support for the diagnosis and prediction of fatal diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Cloud computing provides a cost-efficient infrastructure for data processing, storage, and retrieval, with much of the extant research recommending machine learning (ML) algorithms for… More >

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1361

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Tao Zhang^1,2, Zhanjie Zhang^1,2,*, Wenjing Jia³, Xiangjian He³, Jie Yang⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2733-2747, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.019305
Abstract The generative adversarial network (GAN) is first proposed in 2014, and this kind of network model is machine learning systems that can learn to measure a given distribution of data, one of the most important applications is style transfer. Style transfer is a class of vision and graphics problems where the goal is to learn the mapping between an input image and an output image. CYCLE-GAN is a classic GAN model, which has a wide range of scenarios in style transfer. Considering its unsupervised learning characteristics, the mapping is easy to be learned between an input image and an output… More >

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1997

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1416

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ARTICLE

Qian Sun^1,2, Gongxue Cheng^1,2, Xiaoyi Wang^1,2,*, Jiping Xu^1,2, Li Wang^1,2, Huiyan Zhang^1,2, Jiabin Yu^1,2, Ning Cao³, Ruichao Wang⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2749-2759, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018633
Abstract Water quality sensor networks are widely used in water resource monitoring. However, due to the fact that the energy of these networks cannot be supplemented in time, it is necessary to study effective routing protocols to extend their lifecycle. To address the problem of limited resources, a routing optimization algorithm based on a small-world network model is proposed. In this paper, a small-world network model is introduced for water quality sensor networks, in which the short average path and large clustering coefficient of the model are used to construct a super link. A short average path can reduce the network’s… More >

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1467

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1074

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Isha Puthige¹, Kartikay Bansal¹, Chahat Bindra¹, Mahekk Kapur¹, Dilbag Singh¹, Vipul Kumar Mishra¹, Apeksha Aggarwal¹, Jinhee Lee², Byeong-Gwon Kang², Yunyoung Nam^2,*, Reham R. Mostafa³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2761-2777, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018128
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning, Information Fusion, and Features Selection for Video Surveillance Application)
Abstract The study aims to formulate a solution for identifying the safest route between any two inputted Geographical locations. Using the New York City dataset, which provides us with location tagged crime statistics; we are implementing different clustering algorithms and analysed the results comparatively to discover the best-suited one. The results unveil the fact that the K-Means algorithm best suits for our needs and delivered the best results. Moreover, a comparative analysis has been performed among various clustering techniques to obtain best results. we compared all the achieved results and using the conclusions we have developed a user-friendly application to provide… More >

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1923

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1859

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Xingjian Xue^1,*, Zixu Wang¹, Linjuan Ge¹, Lirong Deng¹, Rui Song¹, Neal Naixue Xiong²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2779-2791, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016885
Abstract Vehicle–bicycle conflict incurs a higher risk of traffic accidents, particularly as it frequently takes place at intersections. Mastering the traffic characteristics of vehicle–bicycle conflict and optimizing the design of intersections can effectively reduce such conflict. In this paper, the conflict between right-turning motor vehicles and straight-riding bicycles was taken as the research object, and T-Analyst video recognition technology was used to obtain data on riding (driving) behavior and vehicle–bicycle conflict at seven intersections in Changsha, China. Herein, eight typical traffic characteristics of vehicle–bicycle conflict are summarized, the causes of vehicle–bicycle conflict are analyzed using 18 factors in three dimensions, the… More >

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1795

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1039

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Xiaolong Yang¹, Xin Yu¹, Liangbo Xie^1,*, Hao Xue², Mu Zhou¹, Qing Jiang¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2793-2806, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016298
Abstract To address the limitations of traditional sleep monitoring methods that highly rely on sleeping posture without considering sleep apnea, an intelligent apnea monitoring system is designed based on commodity WiFi in this paper. By utilizing linear fitting and wavelet transform, the phase error of channel state information (CSI) of the receiving antenna is eliminated, and the noise of the signal amplitude is removed. Moreover, the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and sliding window method are combined to segment received wireless signals. Finally, several important statistical characteristics are extracted, and a back propagation (BP) neural network model is built to identify apnea… More >

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1755

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1129

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Muhammad Aslam Mohd Safari¹, Nurulkamal Masseran^2,*, Muhammad Hilmi Abdul Majid²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2807-2824, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018815
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Emerging Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and Data Science)
Abstract In modeling reliability data, the exponential distribution is commonly used due to its simplicity. For estimating the parameter of the exponential distribution, classical estimators including maximum likelihood estimator represent the most commonly used method and are well known to be efficient. However, the maximum likelihood estimator is highly sensitive in the presence of contamination or outliers. In this study, a robust and efficient estimator of the exponential distribution parameter was proposed based on the probability integral transform statistic. To examine the robustness of this new estimator, asymptotic variance, breakdown point, and gross error sensitivity were derived. This new estimator offers… More >

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RETRACTION

Jing Zhang^1,2, Xin Qi^3,*, San Hlaing Myint³, Zheng Wen⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2809-2809, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.17410
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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