Open Access

ARTICLE

Transmitter-Receiver Path Selection for Cell Range Extension Using Multi-Hop D2D

Farah Akif¹, Kiran Sultan^2,*, Aqdas N. Malik¹, Ijaz M. Qureshi³, Saba Mahmood⁴

1 Department of Electrical Engineering, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
2 Department of CIT, FAS, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21551, Saudi Arabia
3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Air University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
4 Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

* Corresponding Author: Kiran Sultan. Email:

Computers, Materials & Continua 2021, 68(2), 2075-2093. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2021.016721

Received 09 January 2021; Accepted 17 February 2021; Issue published 13 April 2021

Abstract

Conventional approach of dealing with more users per coverage area in cellular networks implies densifying the amount of (Access Point) AP which will eventually result in a larger carbon footprint. In this paper, we propose a base station off-loading and cell range extension (CRE) scheme based on multi-hop device-to-device (MHD2D) path selection between transmitter and receiver node. The paper also provides derivations of upper and lower bounds for energy efficiency, capacity, and transmit power. The proposed path selection scheme is inspired by the foraging behavior of honey bees. We present the algorithm as a modified variant of the artificial bee colony algorithm (MVABC). The proposed optimization problem is modeled as a minimization problem where we optimize the Energy Efficiency (EE). The proposed path selection MVABC is compared with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and also with classical artificial bee colony (ABC) through simulations and statistical analysis. The student’s t-test, p-value, and standard error of means (SEM) clearly show that MVABC based path selection out-performs the GA and classical ABC schemes. MVABC based approach is 66% more efficient when compared with classic ABC and about 62% efficient when compared with GA based scheme.

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Keywords

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