Open Access

ARTICLE

Optimal Selection of Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Algorithms

Hegazy Rezk^1,2, Irik Z. Mukhametzyanov³, Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah^4,*, Hamdy A. Ziedan⁵

1 College of Engineering at Wadi Addawaser, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11911, KSA
2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, 61517, Egypt
3 Center for Strategic and Interdisciplinary Research, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia
4 Department of Systems Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, KSA
5 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, 71518, Egypt

* Corresponding Author: Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Emerging Computational Intelligence Technologies for Software Engineering: Paradigms, Principles and Applications)

Computers, Materials & Continua 2021, 68(2), 2001-2027. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2021.015895

Received 12 December 2020; Accepted 28 February 2021; Issue published 13 April 2021

Abstract

Several models of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) have identified the optimal alternative electrical energy sources to supply certain load in an isolated region in Al-Minya City, Egypt. The load demand consists of water pumping system with a water desalination unit. Various options containing three different power sources: only DG, PV-B system, and hybrid PV-DG-B, two different sizes of reverse osmosis (RO) units; RO-250 and RO-500, two strategies of energy management; load following (LF) and cycle charging (CC), and two sizes of DG; 5 and 10 kW were taken into account. Eight attributes, including operating cost, renewable fraction, initial cost, the cost of energy, excess energy, unmet load, breakeven grid extension distance, and the amount of CO₂, were used during the evaluation process. To estimate these parameters, HOMER^® software was employed to perform both the simulation and optimization process. Four different weight estimation methods were considered; no priority of criteria, based on a pairwise comparisons matrix of the criteria, CRITIC-method, and entropy-based method. The main findings (output results) confirmed that the optimal option for the case study was hybrid PV-DG-B with the following specification: 5 kW DG, RO-500, and load following control strategy. Under this condition, the annual operating cost and initial costs were $ 5546 and $ 161022, respectively, whereas the cost of energy was 0.077 $/kWh. The excess energy and unmet loads were 40998 and 2371 kWh, respectively. The breakeven grid extension distance and the amount of CO₂ were 3.31 km and 5171 kg per year, respectively. Compared with DG only, the amount of CO₂ has been sharply reduced by 113939 kg per year.

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