Open Access

ARTICLE

An Improved iBAT-COOP Protocol for Cooperative Diversity in FANETs

by Shahzad Hameed¹, Qurratul-Ain Minhas¹, Sheeraz Ahmed², Shabana Habib⁴, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan³, Muhammad Islam⁵, Sheroz Khan^5,*

1 Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
2 Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan
3 Network and Communication Technology Lab, Center for Cyber Security, UKM, Bangi, Malaysia
4 Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
5 Department of Electrical Engineering, Onaizah College of Engineering & Information Technology, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: Sheroz Khan. Email:

Computers, Materials & Continua 2021, 67(2), 2527-2546. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2021.013896

Received 30 August 2020; Accepted 19 November 2020; Issue published 05 February 2021

Abstract

Flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) present a challenging environment due to the dynamic and highly mobile nature of the network. Dynamic network topology and uncertain node mobility structure of FANETs do not aim to consider only one path transmission. Several different techniques are adopted to address the issues arising in FANETs, from game theory to clustering to channel estimation and other statistical schemes. These approaches mostly employ traditional concepts for problem solutions. One of the novel approaches that provide simpler solutions to more complex problems is to use biologically inspired schemes. Several Nature-inspired schemes address cooperation and alliance which can be used to ensure connectivity among network nodes. One such species that resembles the dynamicity of FANETs are Bats. In this paper, the biologically inspired metaheuristic technique of the BAT Algorithm is proposed to present a routing protocol called iBAT-COOP (Improved BAT Algorithm using Cooperation technique). We opt for the design implementation of the natural posture of bats to handle the necessary flying requirements. Moreover, we envision the concept of cooperative diversity using multiple relays and present an iBAT-COOP routing protocol for FANETs. This paper employs cooperation for an optimal route selection and reflects on distance, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and link conditions to an efficient level to deal with FANET’s routing. By way of simulations, the performance of iBAT-COOP protocol outperforms BAT-FANET protocol and reduces packet loss ratio, end-to-end delay, and transmission loss by 81%, 21%, and 82% respectively. Furthermore, the average link duration is improved by 25% compared to the BAT-FANET protocol.

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