Open Access
ARTICLE
Nazli Sanam1,*, Asif Ali1, Tariq Shah1, Ghazanfar Farooq2
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.1, pp. 1-21, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014442
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Security and Computing in Internet of Things)
Abstract The substitution box (S-box) is a fundamentally important component of symmetric key cryptosystem. An S-box is a primary source of non-linearity in modern block ciphers, and it resists the linear attack. Various approaches have been adopted to construct S-boxes. S-boxes are commonly constructed over commutative and associative algebraic structures including Galois fields, unitary commutative rings and cyclic and non-cyclic finite groups. In this paper, first a non-associative ring of order 512 is obtained by using computational techniques, and then by this ring a triplet of 8 × 8 S-boxes is designed. The motivation behind the designing of these S-boxes is… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Nafisa Ahmed1, Manar Abu Talib2,*, Qassim Nasir3
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.1, pp. 23-49, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014523
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Security Issues in Industrial Internet of Things)
Abstract Security is one of the major challenges that devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) face today. Remote attestation is used to measure these devices’ trustworthiness on the network by measuring the device platform’s integrity. Several software-based attestation mechanisms have been proposed, but none of them can detect runtime attacks. Although some researchers have attempted to tackle these attacks, the proposed techniques require additional secured hardware parts to be integrated with the attested devices to achieve their aim. These solutions are expensive and not suitable in many cases. This paper proposes a dual attestation process, SAPEM, with two phases:… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Mohamed Elhoseny1, Mazin Abed Mohammed2,*, Salama A. Mostafa3, Karrar Hameed Abdulkareem4, Mashael S. Maashi5, Begonya Garcia-Zapirain6, Ammar Awad Mutlag7, Marwah Suliman Maashi8
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.1, pp. 51-71, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012632
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Deep Learning Trends in Intelligent Systems)
Abstract Heart disease (HD) is a serious widespread life-threatening disease. The heart of patients with HD fails to pump sufficient amounts of blood to the entire body. Diagnosing the occurrence of HD early and efficiently may prevent the manifestation of the debilitating effects of this disease and aid in its effective treatment. Classical methods for diagnosing HD are sometimes unreliable and insufficient in analyzing the related symptoms. As an alternative, noninvasive medical procedures based on machine learning (ML) methods provide reliable HD diagnosis and efficient prediction of HD conditions. However, the existing models of automated ML-based HD diagnostic methods cannot satisfy… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Samer H. Atawneh1, Waqar A. Khan2, Nawaf N. Hamadneh3,*, Adeeb M. Alhomoud3
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.1, pp. 73-87, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012351
Abstract The objectives of this study involve the optimization of longitudinal porous fins of square cross-section using metaheuristic algorithms. A generalized nonlinear ordinary differential equation is derived using Darcy and Fourier’s laws in the energy balance around a control volume and is solved numerically using RFK 45 method. The temperature of the base surface is higher than the fin surface, and the fin tip is kept adiabatic or cooled by convection heat transfer. The other pertinent parameters include Rayleigh number (100 ≤ Ra ≤ 104), Darcy number, (10−4 ≤ Da ≤ 10−2), relative thermal conductivity ratio of solid phase to fluid (1000 ≤ kr ≤ 8000), Nusselt number (10 ≤ Nu ≤ 100), porosity (0.1 ≤ φ ≤ 0.9).… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Marrium Anam1, Vasaki a/p Ponnusamy2,*, Muzammil Hussain3, Muhammad Waqas Nadeem2,4, Mazhar Javed3, Hock Guan Goh2, Sadia Qadeer3
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.1, pp. 89-105, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013159
Abstract Trabecular bone holds the utmost importance due to its significance regarding early bone loss. Diseases like osteoporosis greatly affect the structure of the Trabecular bone which results in different outcomes like high risk of fracture. The objective of this paper is to inspect the characteristics of the Trabecular Bone by using the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique. These characteristics prove to be quite helpful in studying different studies related to Trabecular bone such as osteoporosis. The things that were considered before the selection of the articles for the systematic review were language, research field, and electronic sources. Only those articles… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Kaustubh Arun Bhavsar1, Jimmy Singla1, Yasser D. Al-Otaibi2, Oh-Young Song3,*, Yousaf Bin Zikria4, Ali Kashif Bashir5
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.1, pp. 107-125, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014604
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent Decision Support Systems for Complex Healthcare Applications)
Abstract Decision making in case of medical diagnosis is a complicated process. A large number of overlapping structures and cases, and distractions, tiredness, and limitations with the human visual system can lead to inappropriate diagnosis. Machine learning (ML) methods have been employed to assist clinicians in overcoming these limitations and in making informed and correct decisions in disease diagnosis. Many academic papers involving the use of machine learning for disease diagnosis have been increasingly getting published. Hence, to determine the use of ML to improve the diagnosis in varied medical disciplines, a systematic review is conducted in this study. To carry… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yaser Khaled Al-Sakkaf1, Gamil M. S. Abdullah2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.1, pp. 127-140, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014438
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Wireless Sensors Networks Application in Healthcare and Medical Internet of Things (Miot) in Bio-Medical Sensors Networks)
Abstract Earth is the most common and important building material used in the construction industry, since it is found in almost every country in the world. Modern earthen construction is alive and well, and is spread over an enormous geographical area. This technique utilizes various earthen materials and numerous methods, and features many benefits for both construction in general and buildings in particular. Najran, a city located in the south of Saudi Arabia, is distinguished by its heritage of earthen architecture, which displays many advantages and a marvelous variety of types and exterior designs. Many weaknesses of the material, however, along… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Muhammad Attique Khan1, Inzamam Mashood Nasir1, Muhammad Sharif2, Majed Alhaisoni3, Seifedine Kadry4, Syed Ahmad Chan Bukhari5, Yunyoung Nam6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.1, pp. 141-158, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013217
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovation of Blockchain Technology)
Abstract Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is an imaging technology, widely used in medical imaging for stomach infection recognition. However, a one patient procedure takes almost seven to eight minutes and approximately 57,000 frames are captured. The privacy of patients is very important and manual inspection is time consuming and costly. Therefore, an automated system for recognition of stomach infections from WCE frames is always needed. An existing block chain-based approach is employed in a convolutional neural network model to secure the network for accurate recognition of stomach infections such as ulcer and bleeding. Initially, images are normalized in fixed dimension and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Peter Kvasnica*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.1, pp. 159-170, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013587
Abstract This article acquaints the public with the insights gained from conducting document searches in the Slovak public administration information system, when supported by knowledge of its management. Additionally, it discusses the advantages of simulating performance parameters and comparing the obtained results with the real parameters of the eZbierka (eCollection) legislation webpage. This comparison was based upon simulated results, obtained through the Gatling simulation tool, versus those obtained from measuring the properties of the public administration legislation webpage. Both sets of data (simulated and real), were generated via the the document search technologies in place on the eZbierka legislation webpage. The… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Mohammad Masroor Ahmed1,*, Saleh Al Shehri2, Jawad Usman Arshed3, Mahmood Ul Hassan4, Muzammil Hussain5, Mehtab Afzal6
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.1, pp. 171-185, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014141
Abstract Spatially Constrained Mixture Model (SCMM) is an image segmentation model that works over the framework of maximum a-posteriori and Markov Random Field (MAP-MRF). It developed its own maximization step to be used within this framework. This research has proposed an improvement in the SCMM’s maximization step for segmenting simulated brain Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs). The improved model is named as the Weighted Spatially Constrained Finite Mixture Model (WSCFMM). To compare the performance of SCMM and WSCFMM, simulated T1-Weighted normal MRIs were segmented. A region of interest (ROI) was extracted from segmented images. The similarity level between the extracted ROI and… More >
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