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Anudeep Gandam^1,*, Jagroop Singh Sidhu²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3045-3063, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013663
Abstract In-loop filtering significantly helps detect and remove blocking artifacts across block boundaries in low bitrate coded High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) frames and improves its subjective visual quality in multimedia services over communication networks. However, on faster processing of the complex videos at a low bitrate, some visible artifacts considerably degrade the picture quality. In this paper, we proposed a four-step fuzzy based adaptive deblocking filter selection technique. The proposed method removes the quantization noise, blocking artifacts and corner outliers efficiently for HEVC coded videos even at low bit-rate. We have considered Y (luma), U (chroma-blue), and V (chroma-red) components… More >

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Sami Ullah¹, Hanita Daud¹, Nooraini Zainuddin¹, Sarat C. Dass², Alamgir Khalil³, Hadi Fanaee-T⁴, Ilyas Khan^5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3065-3074, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012624
Abstract Oil spills cause environmental pollution with a serious threat to local communities and sustainable development. Accidental oil spills can be modelled as a stochastic process where each oil spill event is described by its spatial locations and incidence-time and hence allow for space-time cluster analysis. Space-time cluster analysis can detect space-time pattern distribution of oil spills which can be useful for implementing preventive measures and evidence-based decision making. This study aims to detect the space-time clusters of accidental oil spills in Rivers state, Nigeria through the Space-time Scan Statistic. The Space-time Scan Statistic was applied under the permutation model to… More >

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Khairol Amali bin Ahmad¹, Mohammad Nazmul Hasan², Md. Sharif Hossen^2,*, Khaleel Ahmad³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3075-3087, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014436
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Intelligent Communication Systems: Smart Wireless Digital Devices and IoT)
Abstract Pocket Switched Networks (PSN) represent a particular remittent network for direct communication between the handheld mobile devices. Compared to traditional networks, there is no stable topology structure for PSN where the nodes observe the mobility model of human society. It is a kind of Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) that gives a description to circulate information among the network nodes by the way of taking the benefit of transferring nodes from one area to another. Considering its inception, there are several schemes for message routing in the infrastructure-less environment in which human mobility is only the best manner to exchange information.… More >

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1238

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Isa Abdullahi Baba^1,*, Bashir Ahmad Nasidi¹, Dumitru Baleanu^2,3,4
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3089-3106, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012301
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Mathematical aspects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Analysis and Control)
Abstract As the corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic ravages socio-economic activities in addition to devastating infectious and fatal consequences, optimal control strategy is an effective measure that neutralizes the scourge to its lowest ebb. In this paper, we present a mathematical model for the dynamics of COVID-19, and then we added an optimal control function to the model in order to effectively control the outbreak. We incorporate three main control efforts (isolation, quarantine and hospitalization) into the model aimed at controlling the spread of the pandemic. These efforts are further subdivided into five functions; u₁(t) (isolation of the susceptible communities), u₂(t) (contact… More >

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1478

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Xiaoyu Li¹, Yiming Huang¹, Qinsheng Zhu^2,*, Xusheng Liu³, Desheng Zheng⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3107-3120, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012698
Abstract Quantum correlation plays a critical role in the maintenance of quantum information processing and nanometer device design. In the past two decades, several quantitative methods had been proposed to study the quantum correlation of certain open quantum systems, including the geometry and entropy style discord methods. However, there are differences among these quantification methods, which promote a deep understanding of the quantum correlation. In this paper, a novel time-dependent three environmental open system model is established to study the quantum correlation. This system model interacts with two independent spin-environments (two spin-environments are connected to the other spin-environment) respectively. We have… More >

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891

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Abdul Shahid^1,*, Muhammad Tanvir Afzal², Muhammad Qaiser Saleem³, M. S. Elsayed Idrees³, Majzoob K. Omer³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3121-3138, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013809
Abstract Citations based relevant research paper recommendations can be generated primarily with the assistance of three citation models: (1) Bibliographic Coupling, (2) Co-Citation, and (3) Direct Citations. Millions of new scholarly articles are published every year. This flux of scientific information has made it a challenging task to devise techniques that could help researchers to find the most relevant research papers for the paper at hand. In this study, we have deployed an in-text citation analysis that extends the Direct Citation Model to discover the nature of the relationship degree-of-relevancy among scientific papers. For this purpose, the relationship between citing and… More >

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Saleh Albahli¹, Hafiz Tayyab Rauf^2,*, Muhammad Arif³, Md Tabrez Nafis⁴, Abdulelah Algosaibi⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3139-3149, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014134
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: AI, IoT, Blockchain Assisted Intelligent Solutions to Medical and Healthcare Systems)
Abstract With the increasing demand for doctors in chest related diseases, there is a 15% performance gap every five years. If this gap is not filled with effective chest disease detection automation, the healthcare industry may face unfavorable consequences. There are only several studies that targeted X-ray images of cardiothoracic diseases. Most of the studies only targeted a single disease, which is inadequate. Although some related studies have provided an identification framework for all classes, the results are not encouraging due to a lack of data and imbalanced data issues. This research provides a significant contribution to Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)… More >

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Nancy Awadallah Awad^1,*, Amena Mahmoud²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3151-3160, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014426
Abstract Data compression is one of the core fields of study for applications of image and video processing. The raw data to be transmitted consumes large bandwidth and requires huge storage space as a result, it is desirable to represent the information in the data with considerably fewer bits by the mean of data compression techniques, the data must be reconstituted very similarly to the initial form. In this paper, a hybrid compression based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to enhance the quality of the reconstructed image. These techniques are followed by entropy encoding such… More >

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1194

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ARTICLE

Ihsan Jasim Hussein¹, M. A. Burhanuddin², Mazin Abed Mohammed^3,*, Mohamed Elhoseny⁴, Begonya Garcia-Zapirain⁵, Marwah Suliman Maashi⁶, Mashael S. Maashi⁷
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3161-3182, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012691
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Intelligent Decision Support Systems for Complex Healthcare Applications)
Abstract One of the most complex tasks for computer-aided diagnosis (Intelligent decision support system) is the segmentation of lesions. Thus, this study proposes a new fully automated method for the segmentation of ovarian and breast ultrasound images. The main contributions of this research is the development of a novel Viola–James model capable of segmenting the ultrasound images of breast and ovarian cancer cases. In addition, proposed an approach that can efficiently generate region-of-interest (ROI) and new features that can be used in characterizing lesion boundaries. This study uses two databases in training and testing the proposed segmentation approach. The breast cancer… More >

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8

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Umbreen Fatima¹, Dumitru Baleanu^2,3,4, Nauman Ahmed^5,8, Shumaila Azam⁵, Ali Raza^6,*, Muhammad Rafiq⁷, Muhammad Aziz-ur Rehman⁸
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3183-3194, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012666
Abstract Reaction–diffusion systems are mathematical models which link to several physical phenomena. The most common is the change in space and time of the meditation of one or more materials. Reaction–diffusion modeling is a substantial role in the modeling of computer propagation like infectious diseases. We investigated the transmission dynamics of the computer virus in which connected to each other through network globally. The current study devoted to the structure-preserving analysis of the computer propagation model. This manuscript is devoted to finding the numerical investigation of the reaction–diffusion computer virus epidemic model with the help of a reliable technique. The designed… More >

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1058

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ARTICLE

Sameh E. Ahmed^1,2,*, Dalal Alrowaili³, Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed^4,5, Abdelraheem M. Aly^1,2
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3195-3213, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012471
Abstract In this paper, the Galerkin finite element method (FEM) together with the characteristic-based split (CBS) scheme are applied to study the case of the non-linear Boussinesq approximation within sinusoidal heating inclined enclosures filled with a non-Darcy porous media and nanofluids. The enclosure has an inclination angle and its side-walls have varying sinusoidal temperature distributions. The working fluid is a nanofluid that is consisting of water as a based nanofluid and Al₂O₃ as nanoparticles. The porous medium is modeled using the Brinkman Forchheimer extended Darcy model. The obtained results are analyzed over wide ranges of the non-linear Boussinesq parameter 0 ≤… More >

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1987

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986

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G. Kadiravan¹, P. Sujatha¹, T. Asvany¹, R. Punithavathi², Mohamed Elhoseny³, Irina V. Pustokhina⁴, Denis A. Pustokhin⁵, K. Shankar^6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3215-3231, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013034
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: AI, IoT, Blockchain Assisted Intelligent Solutions to Medical and Healthcare Systems)
Abstract Nowadays, healthcare applications necessitate maximum volume of medical data to be fed to help the physicians, academicians, pathologists, doctors and other healthcare professionals. Advancements in the domain of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Multimedia Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSN) are tremendous. M-WMSN is an advanced form of conventional Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to networks that use multimedia devices. When compared with traditional WSN, the quantity of data transmission in M-WMSN is significantly high due to the presence of multimedia content. Hence, clustering techniques are deployed to achieve low amount of energy utilization. The current research work aims at introducing a new… More >

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1379

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Zehba A. S. Raizah¹, Abdelraheem M. Aly^1,2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3233-3251, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012402
Abstract This study simulates natural convection flow resulting from heat partitions in an H-shaped enclosure filled with a nanofluid using an incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method. The right area of the H-shaped enclosure is saturated with non-Darcy porous media. The center variable partitions of the H-shaped enclosure walls are kept at a high-temperature T_h. The left and right walls of the H-shaped enclosure are positioned at a low temperature T_c and the other walls are adiabatic. In ISPH method, the source term in pressure Poisson equation (PPE) is modified. The influences of the controlling parameters on the temperature distributions, the… More >

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1094

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Samih M. Mostafa^1,*, Hirofumi Amano²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3253-3270, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014675
Abstract CPU scheduling is the basic task within any time-shared operating system. One of the main goals of the researchers interested in CPU scheduling is minimizing time cost. Comparing between CPU scheduling algorithms is subject to some scheduling criteria (e.g., turnaround time, waiting time and number of context switches (NCS)). Scheduling policy is divided into preemptive and non-preemptive. Round Robin (RR) algorithm is the most common preemptive scheduling algorithm used in the time-shared operating systems. In this paper, the authors proposed a modified version of the RR algorithm, called dynamic time slice (DTS), to combine the advantageous of the low scheduling… More >

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1519

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Yongjun Ren^1,2, Kui Zhu^1,2, Yuqiu Gao³, Jinyue Xia^4,*, Shi Zhou^1,2, Ruiguo Hu^1,2, Xiujuan Feng⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3271-3287, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.011153
Abstract Under the co-promotion of the wave of urbanization and the rise of data science, smart cities have become the new concept and new practice of urban development. Smart cities are the combination of information technology represented by the Internet of Things, cloud computing, mobile networks and big data, and urbanization. How to effectively achieve the long-term preservation of massive, heterogeneous, and multi-source digital electronic records in smart cities is a key issue that must be solved. Digital continuity can ensure the accessibility, integrity and availability of information. The quality management of electronic record, like the quality management of product, will… More >

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950

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Mazin Abed Mohammed¹, Karrar Hameed Abdulkareem², Begonya Garcia-Zapirain³, Salama A. Mostafa⁴, Mashael S. Maashi⁵, Alaa S. Al-Waisy¹, Mohammed Ahmed Subhi⁶, Ammar Awad Mutlag⁷, Dac-Nhuong Le^8,9,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3289-3310, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012874
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Big Data, Analytics and Intelligent Algorithms for COVID-19)
Abstract The quick spread of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) infection around the world considered a real danger for global health. The biological structure and symptoms of COVID-19 are similar to other viral chest maladies, which makes it challenging and a big issue to improve approaches for efficient identification of COVID-19 disease. In this study, an automatic prediction of COVID-19 identification is proposed to automatically discriminate between healthy and COVID-19 infected subjects in X-ray images using two successful moderns are traditional machine learning methods (e.g., artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), linear kernel and radial basis function (RBF), k-nearest neighbor… More >

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2029

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25

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Abdulsattar Abdullah Hamad¹, Ahmed S. Al-Obeidi², Enas H. Al-Taiy², Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf³, Dac-Nhuong Le^4,5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3311-3327, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013395
Abstract Synchronization is one of the most important characteristics of dynamic systems. For this paper, the authors obtained results for the nonlinear systems controller for the custom Synchronization of two 4D systems. The findings have allowed authors to develop two analytical approaches using the second Lyapunov (Lyp) method and the Gardano method. Since the Gardano method does not involve the development of special positive Lyp functions, it is very efficient and convenient to achieve excessive system SYCR phenomena. Error is overcome by using Gardano and overcoming some problems in Lyp. Thus we get a great investigation into the convergence of error… More >

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1218

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Jamil J. Jaber^1,2, Noriszura Ismail², Siti Norafidah Mohd Ramli², Baker Albadareen², Nawaf N. Hamadneh^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3329-3344, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014509
Abstract Loss given default (LGD) is a key parameter in credit risk management to calculate the required regulatory minimum capital. The internal ratings-based (IRB) approach under the Basel II allows institutions to determine the loss given default (LGD) on their own. In this study, we have estimated LGD for a credit portfolio data by using beta regression with precision parameter (∅) and mean parameter (μ). The credit portfolio data was obtained from a banking institution in Jordan; for the period of January 2010 until December 2014. In the first stage, we have used the “outstanding amount” and “amount of borrowing” to… More >

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3679

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Fan Zhang^1,2, Fenlin Liu^1,2,*, Rui Xu^3,4, Xiangyang Luo^1,2, Shichang Ding⁵, Hechan Tian^1,2
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3345-3361, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014526
Abstract Existing IP geolocation algorithms based on delay similarity often rely on the principle that geographically adjacent IPs have similar delays. However, this principle is often invalid in real Internet environment, which leads to unreliable geolocation results. To improve the accuracy and reliability of locating IP in real Internet, a street-level IP geolocation algorithm based on landmarks clustering is proposed. Firstly, we use the probes to measure the known landmarks to obtain their delay vectors, and cluster landmarks using them. Secondly, the landmarks are clustered again by their latitude and longitude, and the intersection of these two clustering results is taken… More >

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2522

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1374

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Diyar Qader Zeebaree¹, Adnan Mohsin Abdulazeez², Dilovan Asaad Zebari^3,*, Habibollah Haron⁴, Haza Nuzly Abdull Hamed⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3363-3382, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013314
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: AI, IoT, Blockchain Assisted Intelligent Solutions to Medical and Healthcare Systems)
Abstract Collective improvement in the acceptable or desirable accuracy level of breast cancer image-related pattern recognition using various schemes remains challenging. Despite the combination of multiple schemes to achieve superior ultrasound image pattern recognition by reducing the speckle noise, an enhanced technique is not achieved. The purpose of this study is to introduce a features-based fusion scheme based on enhancement uniform-Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and filtered noise reduction. To surmount the above limitations and achieve the aim of the study, a new descriptor that enhances the LBP features based on the new threshold has been proposed. This paper proposes a multi-level… More >

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