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Bokyun Jo¹, Md. Jalil Piran^2,*, Daeho Lee³, Doug Young Suh^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 439-463, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.08194
Abstract In this paper, we investigate video quality enhancement using computation offloading to the mobile cloud computing (MCC) environment. Our objective is to reduce the computational complexity required to covert a low-resolution video to high-resolution video while minimizing computation at the mobile client and additional communication costs. To do so, we propose an energy-efficient computation offloading framework for video streaming services in a MCC over the fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. In the proposed framework, the mobile client offloads the computational burden for the video enhancement to the cloud, which renders the side information needed to… More >

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Yijun Tian ^{1, *}, Waii Ng¹, Jialiang Cao¹, Suzanne McIntosh¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 465-479, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.07818
Abstract In the field of Computer Science, software developers need to use a wide array of social collaborative platforms for learning and cooperating. The most popular ones are GitHub and Stack Overflow. Existing platforms only support search queries to extract relevant repository information from GitHub, or questions and answers from Stack Overflow. This ignores the valuable coder-related part-who are the top experts (geek talents) in a specific area? This information is important to companies, open source projects, and to those who want to learn from an expert role model. Thus, how to find the right developers More >

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2

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S. Kshrisagar¹, A. Francis¹, J. J. Yee², S. Natarajan¹, C. K. Lee^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 481-502, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.07967
Abstract In this paper, the node based smoothed-strain Abaqus user element (UEL) in the framework of finite element method is introduced. The basic idea behind of the node based smoothed finite element (NSFEM) is that finite element cells are divided into subcells and subcells construct the smoothing domain associated with each node of a finite element cell [Liu, Dai and Nguyen-Thoi (2007)]. Therefore, the numerical integration is globally performed over smoothing domains. It is demonstrated that the proposed UEL retains all the advantages of the NSFEM, i.e., upper bound solution, overly soft stiffness and free from More >

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2819

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Surkay D. Akbarov^1,2, Emin T. Bagirov², Muslum Ozisik^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 503-534, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.07561
Abstract This paper studies the influence of the inhomogeneous initial stress state in the system consisting of a hollow cylinder and surrounding elastic medium on the dynamics of the moving ring load acting in the interior of the cylinder. It is assumed that in the initial state the system is compressed by uniformly distributed normal forces acting at infinity in the radial inward direction and as a result of this compression the inhomogeneous initial stresses appear in the system. After appearance of the initial stresses, the interior of the hollow cylinder is loaded by the moving… More >

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ARTICLE

Syed Muhammad Saqlain Shah^1,*, Tahir Afzal Malik², Robina khatoon¹, Syed Saqlain Hassan³, Faiz Ali Shah⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 535-553, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.07948
Abstract Classification of human actions under video surveillance is gaining a lot of attention from computer vision researchers. In this paper, we have presented methodology to recognize human behavior in thin crowd which may be very helpful in surveillance. Research have mostly focused the problem of human detection in thin crowd, overall behavior of the crowd and actions of individuals in video sequences. Vision based Human behavior modeling is a complex task as it involves human detection, tracking, classifying normal and abnormal behavior. The proposed methodology takes input video and applies Gaussian based segmentation technique followed More >

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6

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ARTICLE

Ruba Alghazoul¹, Almohanad Makki¹, Magd Abdel Wahab^2,3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 555-568, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06337
Abstract Burnishing is a profitable process of surface finishing due to its ability to be automated, which makes burnishing method more desirable than other finishing methods. To obtain high surface finish, non-stop operation is required for CNC machine and we can attain that by choosing a suitable trajectory of the finishing tool. In other words, burnishing paths should be multidirectional rather than monotonic, in order to cover uniformly the surface. Indeed, the burnishing force is also a key parameter of the burnishing process because it determines the degree of plastic deformation, and that makes determining the… More >

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1278

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Kehua Yang^1,*, Yaodong Wang¹, Wei Zhang¹, Jiqing Yao², Yuquan Le¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 569-581, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05952
Abstract Keyphrase greatly provides summarized and valuable information. This information can help us not only understand text semantics, but also organize and retrieve text content effectively. The task of automatically generating it has received considerable attention in recent decades. From the previous studies, we can see many workable solutions for obtaining keyphrases. One method is to divide the content to be summarized into multiple blocks of text, then we rank and select the most important content. The disadvantage of this method is that it cannot identify keyphrase that does not include in the text, let alone… More >

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Weidong Fang¹, Wuxiong Zhang^1,2,*, QianQian Zhao^1,2, Xiaohong Ji³, Wei Chen⁴, Biruk Assefa⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 583-599, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05237
Abstract As an Industrial Wireless Sensor Network (IWSN) is usually deployed in a harsh or unattended environment, the privacy security of data aggregation is facing more and more challenges. Currently, the data aggregation protocols mainly focus on improving the efficiency of data transmitting and aggregating, alternately, the aim at enhancing the security of data. The performances of the secure data aggregation protocols are the trade-off of several metrics, which involves the transmission/fusion, the energy efficiency and the security in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Unfortunately, there is no paper in systematic analysis about the performance of the… More >

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1275

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7

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ARTICLE

Xu Zhang¹, Wenpeng Lu^1,*, Fangfang Li^2,3, Xueping Peng³, Ruoyu Zhang¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 601-616, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06045
Abstract Sentence semantic matching (SSM) is a fundamental research in solving natural language processing tasks such as question answering and machine translation. The latest SSM research benefits from deep learning techniques by incorporating attention mechanism to semantically match given sentences. However, how to fully capture the semantic context without losing significant features for sentence encoding is still a challenge. To address this challenge, we propose a deep feature fusion model and integrate it into the most popular deep learning architecture for sentence matching task. The integrated architecture mainly consists of embedding layer, deep feature fusion layer, More >

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1461

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17

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ARTICLE

Tianci Xia^1,2, Yuan Sun^1,2,*, Xiaobing Zhao^1,2, Wei Song¹, Yumiao Guo³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 617-628, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05860
Abstract With the emergence of large-scale knowledge base, how to use triple information to generate natural questions is a key technology in question answering systems. The traditional way of generating questions require a lot of manual intervention and produce lots of noise. To solve these problems, we propose a joint model based on semi-automated model and End-to-End neural network to automatically generate questions. The semi-automated model can generate question templates and real questions combining the knowledge base and center graph. The End-to-End neural network directly sends the knowledge base and real questions to BiLSTM network. Meanwhile, More >

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ARTICLE

Tiantian Tan^1,*, Baosheng Wang¹, Yong Tang¹, Xu Zhou¹, Jingwen Han²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 629-641, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06049
Abstract Vulnerability technology is the basic of network security technology, vulnerability quantitative grading methods, such as CVSS, WIVSS, ICVSS, provide a reference to vulnerability management, but the problems of ignoring the risk elevation caused by a group of vulnerabilities and low accuracy of exploitable level evaluation exist in current vulnerability quantitative grading methods. To solve problems above in current network security quantitative evaluation methods, this paper verified the high relevance degree between type and exploitable score of vulnerability, proposed a new vulnerability quantitative grading method ICVSS, ICVSS can explore attack path using continuity level defined by More >

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ARTICLE

Feng Li^1,2, Chaofeng Ou², Yan Gui^1,2,3,*, Lingyun Xiang^1,2
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 643-656, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06094
Abstract The ability to quickly and intuitively edit digital content has become increasingly important in our everyday life. However, existing edit propagation methods for editing digital images are typically based on optimization with high computational cost for large inputs. Moreover, existing edit propagation methods are generally inefficient and highly time-consuming. Accordingly, to improve edit efficiency, this paper proposes a novel edit propagation method using a bilateral grid, which can achieve instant propagation of sparse image edits. Firstly, given an input image with user interactions, we resample each of its pixels into a regularly sampled bilateral grid,… More >

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994

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ARTICLE

Chen Zhang¹, Jieren Cheng^1,2,3,*, Xiangyan Tang¹, Victor S. Sheng⁴, Zhe Dong¹, Junqi Li¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 657-675, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06207
Abstract Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks launch more and more frequently and are more destructive. Feature representation as an important part of DDoS defense technology directly affects the efficiency of defense. Most DDoS feature extraction methods cannot fully utilize the information of the original data, resulting in the extracted features losing useful features. In this paper, a DDoS feature representation method based on deep belief network (DBN) is proposed. We quantify the original data by the size of the network flows, the distribution of IP addresses and ports, and the diversity of packet sizes of More >

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1091

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5

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ARTICLE

Yang Zhao¹, Shibin Zhang^1,*, Min Yang¹, Peilin He¹, Qirun Wang²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 677-686, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05936
Abstract The risk assessment system has been applied to the information security, energy, medical and other industries. Through the risk assessment system, it is possible to quantify the possibility of the impact or loss caused by an event before or after an event, thereby avoiding the risk or reducing the loss. However, the existing risk assessment system architecture is mostly a centralized architecture, which could lead to problems such as data leakage, tampering, and central cheating. Combined with the technology of block chain, which has the characteristics of decentralization, security and credibility, collective maintenance, and untamperability. More >

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1152

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ARTICLE

Bin Lu¹, Fenlin Liu¹, Xin Ge^1,*, Zhenyu Li²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 687-699, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05633
Abstract Due to the characteristics of chaotic systems, different cryptosystems based on chaos have been proposed to satisfy the security of multimedia data. A plain image-related chaotic algorithm is proposed by Luo et al. with high speed and efficiency. Security weaknesses of the cryptosystem are studied in this paper. It is found that the important secret key information is leaked because an important parameter can be obtained after an inverse operation in the last step of the cryptosystems without secret key. Meanwhile, the value zero is processed improperly in quantification algorithm. Based on the weaknesses, chosen More >

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1090

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8

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ARTICLE

Yugai Huang^1,2,3, Yu Shang^1,4, Wenqing Li¹, Jiajing He¹, Hairong Zhou¹, Bin Gu^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 701-710, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.03109
Abstract The configurations of molecular clusters have significant impacts on their growth into fine particles in atmosphere. In this paper, we explore the topology space of the structure of H2SO4·NH3 dimer with a novel sampling technique of meta-dynamics (MTD) method and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations are carried out at the temperatures of both 50 K and 242 K, which represent the typical high and low latitudes of troposphere. The results show that, compared with only traditional MD simulations, the structure samplings are significantly accelerated with MTD method. Therefore, more isomers of the dimer More >

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1145

Open Access

ARTICLE

Chaoyang Li^1,2,3, Gang Xu², Yuling Chen^1,*, Haseeb Ahmad⁴, Jian Li³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 711-726, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06279
Abstract Blockchain technology has become a research hotspot in recent years with the prominent characteristics as public, distributed and decentration. And blockchain-enabled internet of things (BIoT) has a tendency to make a revolutionary change for the internet of things (IoT) which requires distributed trustless consensus. However, the scalability and security issues become particularly important with the dramatically increasing number of IoT devices. Especially, with the development of quantum computing, many extant cryptographic algorithms applied in blockchain or BIoT systems are vulnerable to the quantum attacks. In this paper, an anti-quantum proxy blind signature scheme based on More >

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1661

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9

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ARTICLE

Yong Ding¹, Lei Tian¹, Bo Han², Huiyong Wang^2,*, Yujue Wang¹, James Xi Zheng³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 727-738, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06220
Abstract Currently, many biometric systems maintain the user’s biometrics and templates in plaintext format, which brings great privacy risk to uses’ biometric information. Biometrics are unique and almost unchangeable, which means it is a great concern for users on whether their biometric information would be leaked. To address this issue, this paper proposes a confidential comparison algorithm for iris feature vectors with masks, and develops a privacy-preserving iris verification scheme based on the El Gamal encryption scheme. In our scheme, the multiplicative homomorphism of encrypted features is used to compare of iris features and their mask More >

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1054

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2

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ARTICLE

Suzhen Wang¹, Shanshan Geng¹, Zhanfeng Zhang¹, Anshan Ye², Keming Chen², Zhaosheng Xu², Huimin Luo², Gangshan Wu^3,*, Lina Xu⁴, Ning Cao^{5 CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 739-757, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06097
Abstract Spark is a distributed data processing framework based on memory. Memory allocation is a focus question of Spark research. A good memory allocation scheme can effectively improve the efficiency of task execution and memory resource utilization of the Spark. Aiming at the memory allocation problem in the Spark2.x version, this paper optimizes the memory allocation strategy by analyzing the Spark memory model, the existing cache replacement algorithms and the memory allocation methods, which is on the basis of minimizing the storage area and allocating the execution area according to the demand. It mainly including two… More >}

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ARTICLE

Hao Xiao^1,*, Jun Zhang², Wenhua Huang³, Mi Zhou⁴, Wencheng Hu⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 759-775, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06085
Abstract Combined with the dense coding mechanism and the bias-BB84 protocol, an efficient quantum key distribution protocol with dense coding on single photons (QDKD-SP) is proposed. Compared with the BB84 or bias-BB84 protocols based on single photons, our QDKD-SP protocol has a higher capacity without increasing the difficulty of its experiment implementation as each correlated photon can carry two bits of useful information. Compared with the quantum dense key distribution (QDKD) protocol based on entangled states, our protocol is more feasible as the preparation and the measurement of a single-photon quantum state is not difficult with More >

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ARTICLE

Yeting Guo¹, Fang Liu^2,*, Nong Xiao¹, Zhengguo Chen^1,3
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 777-792, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06366
Abstract Edge computing attracts online service providers (SP) to offload services to edge computing micro datacenters that are close to end users. Such offloads reduce packet-loss rates, delays and delay jitter when responding to service requests. Simultaneously, edge computing resource providers (RP) are concerned with maximizing incomes by allocating limited resources to SPs. Most works on this topic make a simplified assumption that each SP has a fixed demand; however, in reality, SPs themselves may have multiple task-offloading alternatives. Thus, their demands could be flexibly changed, which could support finer-grained allocations and further improve the incomes… More >

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7

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ARTICLE

Man Yang^1,2,3, Hongyuan Fang^1,2,3,*, Juan Zhang⁴, Fuming Wang^1,2,3, Jianwei Lei^1,2,3, Heyang Jia^1,2,3
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 793-816, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06042
Abstract Possessing advantages such as high computing efficiency and ease of programming, the Symplectic Euler algorithm can be applied to construct a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) wave propagation numerical model for complex geoelectric structures. However, the Symplectic Euler algorithm is still a difference algorithm, and for a complicated boundary, ladder grids are needed to perform an approximation process, which results in a certain amount of error. Further, grids that are too dense will seriously decrease computing efficiency. This paper proposes a conformal Symplectic Euler algorithm based on the conformal grid technique, amends the electric/magnetic field-updating equations of… More >

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1

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ARTICLE

Longqing Zhang¹, Liping Bai^1,*, Xinwei Zhang², Yanghong Zhang², Lei Yang¹, Xiangdu Yan²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 817-828, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06062
Abstract The drawbacks of the traditional multi-hop structure of wireless sensor networks (WSNS) are susceptible to reflection, scattering and diffraction, serious attenuation of signal intensity and phase deviation due to various obstacles in cultivated land environment and mountains. In this paper, the wireless signal intensity is measured and curve fitting is done respectively in both open environment and obstacle-environment with both sending and receiving height of 0 m, 1 m, and 2 m. It is found out that packet loss probability is too high when an obstacle exists. In such a case, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) More >

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4

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ARTICLE

Haiqi Zhu¹, Fanzhi Meng^2,*, Seungmin Rho³, Mohan Li^4,*, Jianyu Wang¹, Shaohui Liu¹, Feng Jiang¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 829-847, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06115
Abstract In real-world many internet-based service companies need to closely monitor large amounts of data in order to ensure stable operation of their business. However, anomaly detection for these data with various patterns and data quality has been a great challenge, especially without labels. In this paper, we adopt an anomaly detection algorithm based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Network in terms of reconstructing KPIs and predicting KPIs. They use the reconstruction error and prediction error respectively as the criteria for judging anomalies, and we test our method with real data from a company in the More >

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ARTICLE

Weijin Jiang^1,2,3, Jiahui Chen^1,*, Yirong Jiang^4,*, Yuhui Xu¹, Yang Wang¹, Lina Tan¹, Guo Liang⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 849-859, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05932
Abstract Aiming at the problem that the traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm does not fully consider the influence of correlation between projects on recommendation accuracy, this paper introduces project attribute fuzzy matrix, measures the project relevance through fuzzy clustering method, and classifies all project attributes. Then, the weight of the project relevance is introduced in the user similarity calculation, so that the nearest neighbor search is more accurate. In the prediction scoring section, considering the change of user interest with time, it is proposed to use the time weighting function to improve the influence of the More >

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ARTICLE

Xiaoying Chen^{1, 2, *}, Shijun Zhao², Xiaolei Wang², Xuejin Sun², Jing Feng², Nan Ye³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 861-875, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06230
Abstract It is important to extract texture feature from the ground-base cloud image for cloud type automatic detection. In this paper, a new method is presented to capture the contour edge, texture and geometric structure of cloud images by using Contourlet and the power spectrum analysis algorithm. More abundant texture information is extracted. Cloud images can be obtained a multiscale and multidirection decomposition. The coefficient matrix from Contourlet transform of ground nephogram is calculated. The energy, mean and variance characteristics calculated from coefficient matrix are composed of the feature information. The frequency information of the data More >

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1467

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ARTICLE

Lili Yan^1,*, Yan Chang¹, Shibin Zhang¹, Qirun Wang², Zhiwei Sheng¹, Yuhua Sun¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 877-887, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06222
Abstract Quantum private comparison is an important topic in quantum cryptography. Recently, the idea of semi-quantumness has been often used in designing private comparison protocol, which allows some of the participants to remain classical. In this paper, we propose a semi quantum private comparison scheme based on Greenberge-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) class states, which allows two classical participants to compare the equality of their private secret with the help of a quantum third party (server). In the proposed protocol, server is semi-honest who will follow the protocol honestly, but he may try to learn additional information from the More >

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ARTICLE

Jing Liu^1,5, Jingbing Li^1,*, Jieren Cheng¹, Jixin Ma², Naveed Sadiq³, Baoru Han⁴, Qiang Geng⁵, Yang Ai⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.2, pp. 889-910, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06034
Abstract In order to solve the problem of patient information security protection in medical images, whilst also taking into consideration the unchangeable particularity of medical images to the lesion area and the need for medical images themselves to be protected, a novel robust watermarking algorithm for encrypted medical images based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform and discrete cosine transform (DTCWT-DCT) and chaotic map is proposed in this paper. First, DTCWT-DCT transformation was performed on medical images, and dot product was per-formed in relation to the transformation matrix and logistic map. Inverse transformation was undertaken to obtain… More >

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