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Dae-Young Kim¹, Se Dong Min^{2, †}, Seokhoon Kim^{3, †, *}
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 1-14, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06102
Abstract The importance of Blockchain and IoT technology have been highlighted in various fields. These are not unaccustomed words anymore in our lives. Although the technologies are in the infancy step and are still many remaining technical challenges, there is no doubt that it will be one of the major parts of the future Internet. The efficiency and security of data transmission scheme have always been major issues in the legacy Internet, and a data transmission scheme for the future Internet, including 5G and IoT environment should also provide and support these issues. Consequently, we propose… More >

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8

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Assia Maamar^1,*, Khelifa Benahmed²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 15-39, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06497
Abstract Recently, the radical digital transformation has deeply affected the traditional electricity grid and transformed it into an intelligent network (smart grid). This mutation is based on the progressive development of advanced technologies: advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and smart meter which play a crucial role in the development of smart grid. AMI technologies have a promising potential in terms of improvement in energy efficiency, better demand management, and reduction in electricity costs. However the possibility of hacking smart meters and electricity theft is still among the most significant challenges facing electricity companies. In this regard, we… More >

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2208

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15

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ARTICLE

Raghisa Khalid¹, Nazeran Idrees^1,*, Muhammad Jawwad Saif²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 41-54, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06554
Abstract Degree based topological indices are being widely used in computer-aided modeling, structural activity relations, and drug designing to predict the underlying topological properties of networks and graphs. In this work, we compute the certain important degree based topological indices like Randic index, sum connectivity index, ABC index, ABC₄ index, GA index and GA₅ index of Book graph B_n and Stacked book graph B_m,n. The results are analyzed by using edge partition, and the general formulas are derived for the above-mentioned families of graphs. More >

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1297

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3

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ARTICLE

Mamouni El Mamoun^1,*, Zennaki Mahmoud¹, Sadouni Kaddour¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 55-66, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06444
Abstract The paper discusses the segmentation of words into characters, which is an essential task in the development process of character recognition systems, as poorly segmented characters will automatically be unrecognized. The segmentation of offline handwritten Arabic text poses a greater challenge because of its cursive nature and different writing styles. In this article, we propose a new approach to segment handwritten Arabic characters using an efficient analysis of the vertical projection histogram. Our approach was tested using a set of handwritten Arabic words from the IFN/ENIT database, and promising results were obtained. More >

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1496

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ARTICLE

Mingxu Sun^1,#,*, Yinghang Jiang^2,3,#, Qi Liu^3,4,*, Xiaodong Liu⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 67-83, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06079
Abstract A Functional Electrical stimulation (FES) therapy is a common rehabilitation intervention after stroke, and finite state machine (FSM) has proven to be an effective and intuitive FES control method. The FSM uses the data information generated by the accelerometer to robustly trigger state transitions. In the medical field, it is necessary to obtain highly safe and accurate acceleration data. In order to ensure the accuracy of the acceleration sensor data without affecting the accuracy of the motion analysis, we need to perform acceleration big data calibration. In this context, we propose a method for robustly More >

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1321

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3

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ARTICLE

Hefei Ling¹, Yang Fang¹, Lei Wu¹, Ping Li^1,*, Jiazhong Chen¹, Fuhao Zou¹, Jialie Shen²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 85-100, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05588
Abstract Recently, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based hashing method has achieved its promising performance for image retrieval task. However, tackling the discrepancy between quantization error minimization and discriminability maximization of network outputs simultaneously still remains unsolved. Motivated by the concern, we propose a novel Balanced Deep Supervised Hashing (BDSH) based on variant posterior probability to learn compact discriminability-preserving binary code for large scale image data. Distinguished from the previous works, BDSH can search an equilibrium point within the discrepancy. Towards the goal, a delicate objective function is utilized to maximize the discriminability of the output space More >

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1351

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3

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ARTICLE

Xingxing Xiao¹, Yang^1,*, Rui Li², Weiming Zhang³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 101-115, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05293
Abstract The medical industry develops rapidly as science and technology advance. People benefit from medical resource sharing, but suffer from privacy leaks at the same time. In order to protect patients’ privacy and improve quality of medical images, a novel reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme based on lesion extraction and with contrast enhancement is proposed. Furthermore, the proposed scheme can enhance the contrast of medial image's lesion area directly and embed high-capacity privacy data reversibly. Different from previous segmentation methods, this scheme first adopts distance regularized level set evolution (DRLSE) to extract lesion and targets at… More >

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1371

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ARTICLE

Zhaohui Zhang^*,1,2,3, Jian Chen¹, Ligong Chen¹, Qiuwen Liu¹, Lijun Yang¹, Pengwei Wang^1,2,3, Yongjun Zheng⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 117-132, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05325
Abstract Recently, there are some online quantile algorithms that work on how to analyze the order statistics about the high-volume and high-velocity data stream, but the drawback of these algorithms is not scalable because they take the GK algorithm as the subroutine, which is not known to be mergeable. Another drawback is that they can’t maintain the correctness, which means the error will increase during the process of the window sliding. In this paper, we use a novel data structure to store the sketch that maintains the order statistics over sliding windows. Therefore three algorithms have… More >

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1240

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Xiaorong Zhao¹, Hongjin Zhu¹, Peizhong Shi¹, Chunpeng Ge², Xiufang Qian^1,*, Honghui Fan¹, Zhongjun Fu¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 133-145, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05661
Abstract With the rapid development of ultra-wideband communications, the design requirements of CMOS radio frequency integrated circuits have become increasingly high. Ultra-wideband (UWB) low noise amplifiers are a key component of the receiver front end. The paper designs a high power gain (S₂₁) and low noise figure (NF) common gate (CG) CMOS UWB low noise amplifier (LNA) with an operating frequency range between 3.1 GHz and 10.6 GHz. The circuit is designed by TSMC 0.13 μm RF CMOS technology. In order to achieve high gain and flat gain as well as low noise figure, the circuit uses… More >

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1708

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Wei Sun^1,3,*, Hongji Du¹, Shoubai Nie^2,3, Xiaozheng He⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 147-161, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.03581
Abstract Traffic sign recognition (TSR), as a critical task to automated driving and driver assistance systems, is challenging due to the color fading, motion blur, and occlusion. Traditional methods based on convolutional neural network (CNN) only use an end-layer feature as the input to TSR that requires massive data for network training. The computation-intensive network training process results in an inaccurate or delayed classification. Thereby, the current state-of-the-art methods have limited applications. This paper proposes a new TSR method integrating multi-layer feature and kernel extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier. The proposed method applies CNN to extract… More >

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1406

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6

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ARTICLE

Jiancheng Zou^1,*, Zhengzheng Li¹, Zhijun Guo¹, Don Hong²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 163-177, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05795
Abstract In the field of images and imaging, super-resolution (SR) reconstruction of images is a technique that converts one or more low-resolution (LR) images into a highresolution (HR) image. The classical two types of SR methods are mainly based on applying a single image or multiple images captured by a single camera. Microarray camera has the characteristics of small size, multi views, and the possibility of applying to portable devices. It has become a research hotspot in image processing. In this paper, we propose a SR reconstruction of images based on a microarray camera for sharpening… More >

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2328

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1285

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Hangjun Zhou^1,2,*, Guang Sun^1,3, Sha Fu¹, Wangdong Jiang¹, Juan Xue¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 179-192, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05214
Abstract With the rapid development of mobile Internet and finance technology, online e-commerce transactions have been increasing and expanding very fast, which globally brings a lot of convenience and availability to our life, but meanwhile, chances of committing frauds also come in all shapes and sizes. Moreover, fraud detection in online e-commerce transactions is not totally the same to that in the existing areas due to the massive amounts of data generated in e-commerce, which makes the fraudulent transactions more covertly scattered with genuine transactions than before. In this article, a novel scalable and comprehensive approach More >

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4288

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3

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ARTICLE

Wen Tian¹, Xiaopeng Ji^1,*, Weiwei Liu¹, Guangjie Liu¹, Rong Lin^1,2, Jiangtao Zhai³, Yuewei Dai³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 193-211, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05290
Abstract Cyber-physical system (CPS) is an advanced system that integrats physical processes, computation and communication resources. The security of cyber-physical systems has become an active research area in recent years. In this paper, we focus on defensive strategies against network attacks in CPS. We introduce both low- and highinteraction honeypots into CPS as a security management tool deliberately designed to be probed, attacked and compromised. In addition, an analysis resource constraint is introduced for the purpose of optimizing defensive strategies against network attacks in CPS. We study the offensive and defensive interactions of CPS and model… More >

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2769

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1299

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9

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ARTICLE

Guozhong Dong^1,2,*, Jun Gao³, Liang Huang⁴, Chunlei Shi¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 213-225, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05601
Abstract The rapid spread of microblog messages and sensitivity of unexpected events make microblog become the public opinion center of burst events. Online burst events detection oriented real-time microblog message stream has become an important research problem in the field of microblog public opinion. Because of the large amount of real-time microblog message stream and irregular language of microblog message, it is important to process real-time microblog message stream and detect burst events accurately. In this paper, an online burst events detection framework is proposed. In this framework, abnormal messages are detected based on sliding time More >

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2123

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1309

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4

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ARTICLE

Jing Wang^1,*, Xiaohe Qiu¹, Yuanfei Tu¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 227-244, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05281
Abstract The MDS-MAP (multidimensional scaling-MAP) localization algorithm utilize almost merely connectivity information, and therefore it is easy to implement in practice of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Anisotropic networks with energy hole, however, has blind communication spots that cause loss of information in the merging phase of MDSMAP. To enhance the positioning accuracy, the authors propose an MDS-MAP (CH) algorithm which can improve the clustering and merging strategy. In order to balance the effect of energy consumption and the network topology stabilization, we present a weighted clustering scheme, which considers the residual energy, the degree of connectivity More >

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2567

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1313

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7

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ARTICLE

Yongzheng Lin¹, Hong Liu^{1, ∗}, Zhenxiang Chen², Kun Zhang², Kun Ma²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 245-257, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.04322
Abstract Process object is the instance of process. Vertexes and edges are in the graph of process object. There are different types of the object itself and the associations between object. For the large-scale data, there are many changes reflected. Recently, how to find appropriate real-time data for process object becomes a hot research topic. Data sampling is a kind of finding c hanges o f p rocess o bjects. There i s r equirements f or s ampling to be adaptive to underlying distribution of data stream. In this paper, we have proposed a adaptive More >

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2158

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1186

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Zeyu Xiong^1,*, Qiangqiang Shen¹, Yueshan Xiong¹, Yijie Wang¹, Weizi Li²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 259-273, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05155
Abstract Word vector representation is widely used in natural language processing tasks. Most word vectors are generated based on probability model, its bag-of-words features have two major weaknesses: they lose the ordering of the words and they also ignore semantics of the words. Recently, neural-network language models CBOW and Skip-Gram are developed as continuous-space language models for words representation in high dimensional real-valued vectors. These vector representations have recently demonstrated promising results in various NLP tasks because of their superiority in capturing syntactic and contextual regularities in language. In this paper, we propose a new strategy… More >

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1543

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5

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ARTICLE

Libo Yin¹, Xiang Meng², Jianxun Li³, Jianguo Sun^2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 275-285, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05556
Abstract With the development of information technology including Internet technologies, the amount of textual information that people need to process daily is increasing. In order to automatically obtain valuable and user-informed information from massive amounts of textual data, many researchers have conducted in-depth research in the area of entity relation extraction. Based on the existing research of word vector and the method of entity relation extraction, this paper designs and implements an method based on support vector machine (SVM) for extracting English entity relationships from massive news texts. The method converts sentences in natural language into More >

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1386

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2

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ARTICLE

Jiwei Zhang¹, Yueying Li², Shaozhang Niu^1,*, Zhiyi Cao¹, Xinyi Wang¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 287-303, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05353
Abstract With the rapid development of image editing techniques, the image splicing behavior, typically for those that involve copying a portion from one original image into another targeted image, has become one of the most prevalent challenges in our society. The existing algorithms relying on hand-crafted features can be used to detect image splicing but unfortunately lack precise location information of the tampered region. On the basis of changing the classifications of fully convolutional network (FCN), here we proposed an improved FCN that enables locating the spliced region. Specifically, we first insert the original images into… More >

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1573

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ARTICLE

Youyu Gu¹, Xiongwei Xie², Chunsheng Gu^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 305-316, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.04121
Abstract As the development of cloud computing and the convenience of wireless sensor netowrks, smart devices are widely used in daily life, but the security issues of the smart devices have not been well resolved. In this paper, we present a new NTRU-type public-key cryptosystem over the binary field. Specifically, the security of our scheme relies on the computational intractability of an unbalanced sparse polynomial ratio problem (DUSPR). Through theoretical analysis, we prove the correctness of our proposed cryptosystem. Furthermore, we implement our scheme using the NTL library, and conduct a group of experiments to evaluate More >

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1935

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1422

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1

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ARTICLE

Chengzhang Zhu^{1, 2}, Wentao Zhao^{2, *}, Qian Li¹, Pan Li², Qiaobo Da³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 317-333, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05677
Abstract Detecting collaborative fraudsters who manipulate opinions in social media is becoming extremely important in order to provide reliable information, in which, however, the diversity in different groups of collaborative fraudsters presents a significant challenge to existing collaborative fraudsters detection methods. These methods often detect collaborative fraudsters as the largest group of users who have the strongest relation with each other in the social media, consequently overlooking the other groups of fraudsters that are with strong user relation yet small group size. This paper introduces a novel network embedding-based framework NEST and its instance BEST to… More >

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1209

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3

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ARTICLE

Taohua Chen¹, Yueyun Chen^1,*, Rongling Jian¹, Zushen Liu², Alan Yang³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 335-349, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.07073
Abstract A novel broadband microstrip antenna under operation of TM_1/2,0, TM₁₀ and TM₁₂ modes through a shorting wall and slots is proposed in this paper. Initially, an inverted U-shaped slot is adopted around the feeding point, which achieves a good impedance matching on TM₁₀ mode and separates the patch into two parts. Additionally, a shorting wall is added underneath the edge of smaller patch to excite another one-quarter resonant mode, i.e., TM_1/2,0 mode of smaller patch close to TM₁₀ mode to expand the impedance bandwidth. Further, the antenna width is enlarged and two symmetrical vertical rectangular slots are cut More >

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1814

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ARTICLE

Zhongjin Fang^{1, 2}, Jinwei Wang^{1, *}, Baowei Wang¹, Jianjun Zhang³, Yunqing Shi⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 351-363, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.07106
Abstract With the continuous development of cloud computing and big data technology, the use of cloud storage is more and more extensive, and a large amount of data is outsourced for public cloud servers, and the security problems that follow are gradually emerging. It can not only protect the data privacy of users, but also realize efficient retrieval and use of data, which is an urgent problem for cloud storage. Based on the existing fuzzy search and encrypted data fuzzy search schemes, this paper uses the characteristics of fuzzy sounds and polysemy that are unique to More >

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1155

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ARTICLE

Chuanrong Wu^1,*, Veronika Lee¹, Mark E. McMurtrey²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 365-378, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06949
Abstract Product innovation is regarded as a primary means for enterprises to maintain their competitive advantage. Knowledge transfer is a major way that enterprises access knowledge from the external environment for new product innovation. Knowledge transfer may face the risk of infringement of the intellectual property rights of other enterprises and the termination of licensing agreements by the knowledge source. Enterprises must develop independent innovation knowledge at the same time they profit from knowledge transfers. Therefore, new product development by an enterprise usually consists of three types of new knowledge: big data knowledge transferred from big… More >

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1426

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2

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ARTICLE

Yinghua Zhang^1,2, Yanfang Dong², Lei Wang¹, Jian Liu^1,*, Yunfeng Peng¹, Jim Feng³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 379-393, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05790
Abstract In this paper, we propose a downlink cognitive non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network, where the secondary users (SUs) operate in underlay mode. In the network, secondary transmitter employs NOMA signaling for downlink transmission, and the primary user (PU) is interfered by the transmission from SU. The expressions for the outage probabilities are derived in closed-form for both primary and secondary users in the presence of channel estimation error. Numerical simulation results show that the channel estimation error and the inter-network interference cause degradation of the downlink outage performance. Also the power allocation and the location More >

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1568

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ARTICLE

Zhengtao Liu^1,*, Jinyue Xia²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 395-408, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05627
Abstract Tenants in the cloud computing environment share various services, including storage, network, computing, and applications. For better use of services in the cloud computing environment, tenants collaborate in tasks, resulting in challenges to the traditional access control. This study proposes a cross-tenant role-based access control (CT-RBAC) model for collaborative cloud services. This model covers the CT-RBAC0, CT-RBAC1, CT-RBAC2, and CT-RBAC3 models. The model not only extends the RBAC model in the multi-tenant cloud computing mode but also includes four types of authorization modes among tenants. Consequently, the role inheritance constraint is increased, and fine-grained authorization More >

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