Open Access

ARTICLE

Self-embedding Image Watermarking based on Combined Decision Using Pre-offset and Post-offset Blocks

Daofu Gong^1,2, Yan Chen^1,2, Haoyu Lu^1,*, Zhenyu Li³, Yibing Han¹

1 Zhengzhou Science and Technology Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
2 State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
3 Department of Computer Science, University of York, York YO10 5GH, UK.

* Corresponding Author: Haoyu Lu. Email: .

Computers, Materials & Continua 2018, 57(2), 243-260. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2018.03781

Abstract

To detect and recover random tampering areas, a combined-decision-based self-embedding watermarking scheme is proposed herein. In this scheme, the image is first partitioned into 2×2 size blocks. Next, the high 5 bits of a block’s average value is embedded into its offset block. The tampering type of block is detected by comparing the watermarks of its pre-offset and post-offset blocks. The theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only has a lower ratio of false detection but also better performance with regard to avoiding random tampering.

---

Keywords

---

Citations