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Open Access

ARTICLE

Integration of Federated Learning and Graph Convolutional Networks for Movie Recommendation Systems

Sony Peng1, Sophort Siet1, Ilkhomjon Sadriddinov1, Dae-Young Kim2,*, Kyuwon Park3,*, Doo-Soon Park2
1 Department of Software Convergence, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
2 Department of Computer Software and Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
3 AI·SW Education Institute, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
* Corresponding Author: Dae-Young Kim. Email: email; Kyuwon Park. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in AI Techniques in Convergence ICT)

Computers, Materials & Continua https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.061166

Received 18 November 2024; Accepted 01 March 2025; Published online 26 March 2025

Abstract

Recommendation systems (RSs) are crucial in personalizing user experiences in digital environments by suggesting relevant content or items. Collaborative filtering (CF) is a widely used personalization technique that leverages user-item interactions to generate recommendations. However, it struggles with challenges like the cold-start problem, scalability issues, and data sparsity. To address these limitations, we develop a Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) model that captures the complex network of interactions between users and items, identifying subtle patterns that traditional methods may overlook. We integrate this GCNs model into a federated learning (FL) framework, enabling the model to learn from decentralized datasets. This not only significantly enhances user privacy— a significant improvement over conventional models but also reassures users about the safety of their data. Additionally, by securely incorporating demographic information, our approach further personalizes recommendations and mitigates the cold-start issue without compromising user data. We validate our RSs model using the open MovieLens dataset and evaluate its performance across six key metrics: Precision, Recall, Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC-AUC), F1 Score, Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG), and Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR). The experimental results demonstrate significant enhancements in recommendation quality, underscoring that combining GCNs with CF in a federated setting provides a transformative solution for advanced recommendation systems.

Keywords

Recommendation systems; collaborative filtering; graph convolutional networks; federated learning framework

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