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Open Access

ARTICLE

A Transformer Based on Feedback Attention Mechanism for Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease Using Echocardiographic Images

Chunlai Du1,#, Xin Gu1,#, Yanhui Guo2,*, Siqi Guo3, Ziwei Pang3, Yi Du3, Guoqing Du3,*
1 School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100144, China
2 Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703, USA
3 Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
* Corresponding Author: Yanhui Guo. Email: email; Guoqing Du. Email: email
# These authors contributed equally to this work
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cutting-Edge Machine Learning and AI Innovations in Medical Imaging Diagnosis)

Computers, Materials & Continua https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.060212

Received 26 October 2024; Accepted 04 March 2025; Published online 26 March 2025

Abstract

Coronary artery disease is a highly lethal cardiovascular condition, making early diagnosis crucial for patients. Echocardiograph is employed to identify coronary heart disease (CHD). However, due to issues such as fuzzy object boundaries, complex tissue structures, and motion artifacts in ultrasound images, it is challenging to detect CHD accurately. This paper proposes an improved Transformer model based on the Feedback Self-Attention Mechanism (FSAM) for classification of ultrasound images. The model enhances attention weights, making it easier to capture complex features. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves high levels of accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (72.3%, 79.5%, 82.0%, 81.0%, and 0.73%, respectively). The proposed model was compared with widely used models, including convolutional neural network and visual Transformer model, and the results show that our model outperforms others in the above evaluation metrics. In conclusion, the proposed model provides a promising approach for diagnosing CHD using echocardiogram.

Keywords

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD); transformer; coronary heart disease; feedback self-attention mechanism

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