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Open Access

ARTICLE

Retinexformer+: Retinex-Based Dual-Channel Transformer for Low-Light Image Enhancement

Song Liu1,2, Hongying Zhang1,*, Xue Li1, Xi Yang1,3
1 School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621000, China
2 Criminal Investigation Department, Sichuan Police College, Luzhou, 646000, China
3 School of Electronics and Information, Mianyang Polytechnic, Mianyang, 621000, China
* Corresponding Author: Hongying Zhang. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Data and Image Processing in Intelligent Information Systems)

Computers, Materials & Continua https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2024.057662

Received 24 August 2024; Accepted 30 October 2024; Published online 13 December 2024

Abstract

Enhancing low-light images with color distortion and uneven multi-light source distribution presents challenges. Most advanced methods for low-light image enhancement are based on the Retinex model using deep learning. Retinexformer introduces channel self-attention mechanisms in the IG-MSA. However, it fails to effectively capture long-range spatial dependencies, leaving room for improvement. Based on the Retinexformer deep learning framework, we designed the Retinexformer+ network. The “+” signifies our advancements in extracting long-range spatial dependencies. We introduced multi-scale dilated convolutions in illumination estimation to expand the receptive field. These convolutions effectively capture the weakening semantic dependency between pixels as distance increases. In illumination restoration, we used Unet++ with multi-level skip connections to better integrate semantic information at different scales. The designed Illumination Fusion Dual Self-Attention (IF-DSA) module embeds multi-scale dilated convolutions to achieve spatial self-attention. This module captures long-range spatial semantic relationships within acceptable computational complexity. Experimental results on the Low-Light (LOL) dataset show that Retexformer+ outperforms other State-Of-The-Art (SOTA) methods in both quantitative and qualitative evaluations, with the computational complexity increased to an acceptable 51.63 G FLOPS. On the LOL_v1 dataset, RetinexFormer+ shows an increase of 1.15 in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and a decrease of 0.39 in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). On the LOL_v2_real dataset, the PSNR increases by 0.42 and the RMSE decreases by 0.18. Experimental results on the Exdark dataset show that Retexformer+ can effectively enhance real-scene images and maintain their semantic information.

Keywords

Low-light image enhancement; Retinex; transformer model

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