Home / Journals / CHD / Vol.19, No.6, 2024
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  • Open AccessOpen Access

    REVIEW

    Tetralogy of Fallot: Anatomy, Physiology, and Outcomes

    Edo Bedzra1,*, Eli Contorno2, Herra Javed2, Amna Qasim3, James St. Louis4, Taufiek Konrad Rajab2
    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.6, pp. 541-562, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.059788 - 27 January 2025
    Abstract Since the first identification of Tetralogy of Fallot in 1671, consisting of a combination of anatomical defects including biventricular origin of the aorta, maligned ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and narrowing or atresia of the pulmonary outflow tract. The first successful operation consisted of a shunt between the left subclavian artery and pulmonary artery. Following this palliative procedure, complete repair is performed once the patient reaches indicative criteria. Since the first attempts at surgical palliation and repair, techniques and outcomes have improved drastically. Definitive repair of Tetralogy of Fallot consists of a multi-patch closure of More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Right Axillary Thoracotomy vs. Median Sternotomy for Repair of Congenital Heart Defects in Infants and Children

    Sameh M. Said1,2,*, Kristin C. Greathouse3, Christina McCarthy3, Megan Khan3, Molly Hagen4, Nicholas Brown5, Sacha Kumar5, Mahmoud I. Salem6, James Flaherty7, Yasin Essa1
    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.6, pp. 563-575, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.061819 - 27 January 2025
    Abstract Objective: Vertical right thoracotomy (VRAT) has become an alternative to sternotomy for the repair of non-complex congenital heart defects in our infants and children. Summary Background Data: Limited data exists on the comparison of the two approaches. Methods: The present study consisted of two groups; Group I: (sternotomy; 33 patients) and Group II: (VRAT; 35 patients). We compared the two groups on operative data, hours of invasive lines, narcotics used, length of stay, and total variable cost of stay. Results: The most frequent procedures were atrial and ventricular septal defect closure (25 patients, 75.8% in Group I)… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    REVIEW

    Surgical Ablation in Congenital Heart Disease: Advances in Techniques and Clinical Outcomes

    Manouk H. C. Linderhof1,#, Hoang H. Nguyen1,2,#, Annemien E. van den Bosch1, Mathijs S. van Schie1, Vehpi Yildirim1, Yannick J. H. J. Taverne3, Natasja M. S. de Groot1,*
    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.6, pp. 577-592, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.062129 - 27 January 2025
    Abstract Surgical ablation (SA) has become an essential rhythm-control strategy for managing tachyarrhythmias in patients with congenital heart disease. Atrial tachyarrhythmias, such as atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation, are prevalent in congenital heart disease, affecting up to 50% of patients, and pose significant risks, including increased morbidity and mortality. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias, though less common, can lead to sudden cardiac death, particularly in conditions like Tetralogy of Fallot. Prior studies suggested that SA for tachyarrhythmias in patients with congenital heart disease offers significant benefits, including superior long-term rhythm control compared to catheter ablation (CA). Atrial tachyarrhythmia burden… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Promotion of Growth of True Pulmonary Arteries as a First Step in Staged Repair of Pulmonary Atresia, Ventricular Septal Defect and Major Aorto-Pulmonary Collateral Arteries

    Pieter C. van de Woestijne1,*, Ingrid M. van Beynum2, Kevin M. Veen3, Ad J. J. C Bogers1
    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.6, pp. 593-601, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.060607 - 27 January 2025
    Abstract Background: Construction of a central shunt by connection of hypoplastic true pulmonary arteries to the ascending aorta (AO) can be performed as a first step in staged repair of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries (PA-VSD-MAPCAs) intended to promote growth and development of the central pulmonary arteries. Methods: To determine early and intermediate-term growth of true pulmonary arteries after their connection to the AO as a first step in staged repair of PA-VSD-MAPCAs, we reviewed all angiographic studies and CT imaging of patients, treated in our tertiary referral center in… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Analysis of Risk Factors for Central Venous Catheter-Associated Thrombosis in Children after Congenital Heart Surgery

    Hanfang Deng1,2, Zhimin Yang1, Wenlan Zhang3, Zhuomin Xu1, Lin Chen1, Yueyue Zhang1, Li Yuan1,*, Wenyi Luo4,*
    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.6, pp. 603-615, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.057681 - 27 January 2025
    Abstract Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of central venous catheter-associated thrombosis in children after congenital heart surgery and to provide evidence for preventive measures. Methods: From January 2024 to March 2024, hospitalized children with central venous catheters (CVC) in the Shanghai Grade III Children’s Hospital intensive care unit were selected. Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) was evaluated using bedside ultrasound technology combined with visible thrombus after CVC extraction, dividing the patients into the thrombus and non-thrombus groups. Univariate and LASSO regression analyses were used to analyze the factors influencing CRT in children after congenital heart More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    The Factors for Postoperative Peritoneal Dialysis Treatment in Infants after Congenital Cardiac Procedure

    Xiaofeng Wang#, Chenyu Li#, Xia Li, Zhongyuan Lu, Xu Wang*
    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.6, pp. 617-626, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.058712 - 27 January 2025
    Abstract Objectives: Fluid overload is common after congenital cardiac surgeries. This requires early application of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in infants to improve surgical outcomes. The objective of this study is to ascertain the factors correlated with the necessity for PD in infants, thereby informing the prophylactic placement of PD catheters intraoperatively. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study. Infants aged three months or younger who underwent congenital cardiac procedures at the Fuwai Hospital between 2021 and 2022 were included. Patients with chronic renal failure or without RACHS-1 categories were excluded. Based on whether postoperative PD treatment… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    REVIEW

    Climate Change and Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review

    Ethan Katznelson1, Matthew J. Navarro2, Su Yuan1, Dhurv S. Kazi3, Harsimran S. Singh1,*
    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.6, pp. 627-634, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.062309 - 27 January 2025
    Abstract Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect and a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While genetic factors play a significant role in its development, up to 30% of CHD is associated with modifiable risk factors and external maternal exposures. Climate change, driven by increased atmospheric pollutants from fossil fuel combustion, leads to rising global temperatures and worsening air quality, which pose emerging threats to maternal and fetal health. This review explores the mechanisms by which environmental factors associated with climate change, specifically extreme heat and air pollution, may influence… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    CASE REPORT

    Case Report: Laubry-Pezzi Syndrome: Confronting the Lethal Nexus of Life-Threatening Complications in Resource Constrained Settings

    Hayatu Uma1,*, Abdulaziz Aminu1, Raghu Cherukupalli2, Femi Akindotun Akintomide1, Abdul Habu3, Aisha Aminu Lawal1, Adamu Mohammad1
    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.6, pp. 635-645, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.056641 - 27 January 2025
    Abstract Laubry-Pezzi syndrome (L-PS) is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and aortic valve prolapse. These cardiac lesions predispose individuals to infective endocarditis (IE), a life-threatening complication, especially in resource-constrained settings. A 17-year-old male presented with a three-week history of fever and headache, and a one-week history of abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. On presentation, he appeared toxic, was febrile, tachypneic, tachycardic, and blood pressure of 120/30 mmHg, and heart sounds were S1, S2. Abdominal examination revealed generalized tenderness. A provisional diagnosis of typhoid sepsis with intestinal perforation was considered.… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    CASE REPORT

    Case Report: Prominent Coronary Artery Flow in Fetuses with Congenital Heart Disease, Is It a Marker of In Utero Distress?

    Mohamed Aashiq Abdul Ghayum1,*, Maria Kiaffas1,2, Ashley Warta1, Melanie Kathol1, David C. Mundy2, Kelsey Brattrud1, Nitin Madan1,2
    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.6, pp. 647-651, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.058271 - 27 January 2025
    Abstract Prominent coronary artery (CA) flow observed on a fetal echocardiogram has been associated with fetal growth restriction and myocardial dysfunction. We present two cases with this finding, in the presence of congenital heart disease (CHD) and absence of growth restriction or myocardial dysfunction. Both the cases rapidly progressed to extremis, necessitating emergent delivery. Our cases highlight the importance of recognizing prominent CA flow in fetuses with CHD as a potential marker for in utero distress. More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies Vascular Endothelial Cell-Related Biomarkers for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

    Ying Wang1, Weijun Zhang1, Fei Cai1, Yong Tao2,*
    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.6, pp. 653-669, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.060406 - 27 January 2025
    Abstract Background: Previous studies combined integrated scRNA-seq with bulk RNA data to screen biomarkers for cardiomyopathy. This study extended this approach to identify biomarkers specific for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Methods: Datasets GSE36961, GSE130036, GSE249925 and GSE203274 were analyzed in this study. ScRNA-seq analysis was employed to identify distinct cell populations. Differentially expression analysis was conducted to screen vascular endothelial cells (VECs)-related feature genes. After calculating VECs score, WGCNA was used to correlate gene modules with the VECs score. Key HCM biomarkers were determined using random forest analysis, and LASSO regression analyses to construct a diagnostic model… More >

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