Open Access

ARTICLE

Epicardial Versus Endocardial Pacemakers in the Pediatric Population: A Comparative Inquiry

Mohammadrafie Khorgami¹, Ali Sadeghpour Tabaei^2,*, Elio Caruso^3,*, Silvia Farruggio³, Negar Omidi⁴, Maryam Moradian¹, Behzad Mohammadpour Ahranjani⁵, Zahra Khajali6 and Rahele Zamani¹

1 Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Mediterranean Pediatric Cardiology Center “Bambin Gesù”, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, 98039, Italy
4 Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Tehran Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5 Pediatric Cardiology, Bahrami Children’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
6 Adult Congenital Heart Disease Department, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

* Corresponding Authors: Ali Sadeghpour Tabaei. Email: ; Elio Caruso. Email: