Open Access

ARTICLE

Higher Child-Reported Internalizing and Parent-Reported Externalizing Behaviors were Associated with Decreased Quality of Life among Pediatric Cardiac Patients Independent of Diagnosis: A Cross-Sectional Mixed-Methods Assessment

Jacqueline S. Lee^1,2, Angelica Blais^1,2, Julia Jackson¹, Bhavika J. Patel¹, Lillian Lai⁴, Gary Goldfield^1,3, Renee Sananes⁵, Patricia E. Longmuir^1,2,3,*

1 Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
2 Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
3 Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
4 Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
5 The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada

* Corresponding Author: Patricia E. Longmuir. Email: