Open Access

ARTICLE

Long-Term Healthcare Utilization, Medical Cost, and Societal Cost in Adult Congenital Heart Disease

Ruben Willems^1,*, Fouke Ombelet², Eva Goossens^2,3,4, Katya De Groote⁵, Werner Budts^6,7, Stéphane Moniotte⁸, Michèle de Hosson⁹, Liesbet Van Bulck^2,4, Arianne Marelli¹⁰, Philip Moons^2,11,12, Julie De Backer^4,9,#, Lieven Annemans^1,#

1 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
2 KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Center for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
3 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
4 Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
5 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
6 KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
7 Division of Congenital and Structural Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
8 Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Division, St-Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
9 Department of Adult Congenital Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
10 McGill Adult Unit for Congenital Heart Disease Excellence (MAUDE Unit), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
11 Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
12 Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

* Corresponding Author: Ruben Willems. Email:
# Shared last author