Open Access

REVIEW

Transcatheter Closure of Coronary Artery Fistulae: A Literature Review

by Ata Firouzi¹, Zahra Hosseini¹, Zahra Khajali², Sedigheh Saedi², Mohammad Javad Alemzadeh-Ansari^1,3,*

1Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Cardio-Oncology Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran, Iran

* Corresponding Author: Mohammad Javad Alemzadeh-Ansari. Email:

Congenital Heart Disease 2020, 15(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.32604/CHD.2020.011515

Received 13 May 2020; Accepted 10 June 2020; Issue published 17 June 2020

Abstract

Coronary artery fistulae (CAFs) are anomalous connections that bypass the myocardial capillary bed between 1 or more coronary arteries and other cardiac chambers or other vessels. These fistulae are usually asymptomatic and are, thus, diagnosed incidentally. However, larger CAFs can cause various symptoms such as angina, exertional dyspnea, syncope, palpitation, and even sudden cardiac death. Treatment options include surgical closure and percutaneous transcatheter closure (TCC) with comparable safety and efficacy. The choice of device in TCC depends on the anatomic characteristics of the CAF, the age and size of the patient, the size of the occluded vessel, the appropriate size of the catheter to be used, and the tortuosity of the catheter course to reach the intended point. Herein, we present 4 cases treated via TCC and then offer an in-depth discussion regarding this coronary artery anomaly.

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