Open Access

ARTICLE

Vasopressor magnitude predicts poor outcome in adults with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery

by

1 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
2 Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
3 Department of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin
4 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
5 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
6 Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

* Corresponding Author: Joseph T. Poterucha, DO, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Congenital Heart Disease 2019, 14(2), 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/chd.12717

Abstract

Background: High levels of vasoactive inotrope support (VIS) after congenital heart surgery are predictive of morbidity in pediatric patients. We sought to discern if this relationship applies to adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD).
Methods: We retrospectively studied adult patients (≥18 years old) admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease from 2002 to 2013 at Mayo Clinic. Vasoactive medication dose values within 96 hours of admis‐ sion were examined to determine the relationship between VIS score and poor out‐ come of early mortality, early morbidity, or complication related morbidity.
Results: Overall, 1040 ACHD patients had cardiac surgery during the study time frame; 243 (23.4%) met study inclusion criteria. Sixty‐two patients (25%), experi‐ enced composite poor outcome [including eight deaths within 90 days of hospital discharge (3%)]. Thirty‐eight patients (15%) endured complication related early mor‐ bidity. The maximum VIS (maxVIS) score area under the curve was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86‐0.98) for in‐hospital mortality; and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.76‐0.89) for combined poor clinical outcome. On univariate analysis, maxVIS score ≥3 was predictive of compos‐ ite adverse outcome (OR: 14.2, 95% CI: 7.2‐28.2; P < 0.001), prolonged ICU LOS ICU LOS (OR: 19.2; 95% CI: 8.7‐42.1; P < 0.0001), prolonged mechanical ventilation (OR: 13.6; 95% CI: 4.4‐41.8; P < 0.0001) and complication related morbidity (OR: 7.3; 95% CI: 3.4‐15.5; P < 0.0001).
Conclusions: MaxVIS score strongly predicted adverse outcomes and can be used as a risk prediction tool to facilitate early intervention that may improve outcome and assist with clinical decision making for ACHD patients after cardiac surgery.

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