Open Access

ARTICLE

Historical investigation of medical treatment for adult congenital heart disease: A Canadian perspective

Jennifer L. Lapum¹, Suzanne Fredericks¹, Barbara Bailey², Terrence M. Yau^3,4, Jennifer Graham⁵, Ariane J. Marelli^6,7

1 Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
2 Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
3 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
4 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
5 Canadian Congenital Heart Alliance, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
6 Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
7 McGill Adult Unit for Congenital Heart Disease Excellence, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

* Corresponding Author: Jennifer Lapum, Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. Email: