Open Access

REVIEW

Frontiers in Fontan failure: Innovation and improving outcomes: A conference summary

Georges Ephrem¹, Camden Hebson², Anitha John³, Estella Moore⁴, Maan Jokhadar⁴, Ryan Ford⁵, Gruschen Veldtman⁶, Yoav Dori⁷, Michelle Gurvitz^8,9, Brian Kogon¹⁰, Adrienne Kovacs¹¹, Meghan Roswick, Michael McConnell¹², Wendy M. Book⁴, Fred Rodriguez III^4,12

1 Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
2 Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
3 Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
4 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
5 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
6 Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
7 Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
8 Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
9 Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
10 Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
11 Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
12 Sibley Heart Center Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

* Corresponding Author: Georges Ephrem, MD, MSc, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 519‐585 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada. Email: