Open Access

REVIEW

Cardiovascular adaptation to the Fontan circulation

Gruschen R. Veldtman¹, Alexander R. Opotowsky², Samuel G. Wittekind¹, Jack Rychik³, Daniel J. Penny⁴, Mark Fogel³, Bradley S. Marino⁵, Marc Gewillig⁶

1 Adolescent and Adult Congenital Program, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Centre, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
2 Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
3 The Cardiac Center at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Professor of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
4 Department of Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
5 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
6 Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium

* Corresponding Author: Samuel G. Wittekind, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, Ohio. Email: