Open Access

ARTICLE

Surgical outcome in pediatric patients with Ebstein’s anomaly: A multicenter, long-term study

Lianne M. Geerdink^1,2, Gideon J. du Marchie Sarvaas³, Irene M. Kuipers⁴, Willem A. Helbing⁵, Tammo Delhaas⁶, Henriette ter Heide⁷, Lieke Rozendaal⁸, Chris L. de Korte⁹, Sandeep K. Singh¹⁰, Tjark Ebels¹¹, Mark G. Hazekamp¹², Felix Haas¹³, Ad J. J. C. Bogers¹⁴, Livia Kapusta^1,15

1 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
2 Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
3 Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
4 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
5 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
6 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
7 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
8 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
9 Department of Radiology, Medical Ultrasound Imaging Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
10 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands
11 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
12 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
13 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
14 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
15 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel

* Corresponding Author: Lianne M. Geerdink, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbus 9101, 6500 Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Email:

Congenital Heart Disease 2017, 12(1), 32-39.

Abstract

Objective: Surgical outcomes of pediatric patients with Ebstein’s anomaly are often described as part of all-age-inclusive series. Our objective is to focus on patients treated surgically in childhood (0-18 y). We study the intended treatment (biventricular or 1.5 ventricle repair or univentricular palliation), freedom from unplanned reoperation and survival of this specific age group, in a nationwide study.
Design: Records of all Ebstein’s anomaly patients born between 1980 and 2013 were reviewed. Demographic variables, intraoperative procedures and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.
Results: Sixty-three patients underwent 109 operations. Median follow-up after diagnosis was 121 months (range 0-216 months). Twenty-nine (46%) patients required surgery in the first year of life, including 21 who required neonatal surgery. The intended treatment was biventricular (n = 37, 59%) and 1.5 ventricle (n = 5, 8%) repair or univentricular (n = 21, 33%) palliation. The one-, five-, and 10-year freedom from unplanned reoperation was 89%, 79%, and 75% respectively. There were nine (14%) in hospital deaths (within 30 d after surgery). Causes of death were low cardiac output syndrome, cardiac failure, hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension or an unknown cause. There were no late deaths.
Conclusions: Surgery in childhood represents the worse spectrum of disease, biventricular repair is often not applied. Patients often face revision surgery. Mortality is limited to the immediate postsurgical period.

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