Open Access

REVIEW

The role of tazarotene-induced gene 1 in carcinogenesis: is it a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene?

CHUN-HUA WANG^1,2, LU-KAI WANG³, RONG-YAUN SHYU⁴, FU-MING TSAI^5,*

1 Department of Dermatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
2 School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
3 Department of Life Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
4 Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
5 Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan

* Corresponding Author: FU-MING TSAI. Email:

BIOCELL 2024, 48(9), 1285-1297. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2024.053746

Received 09 May 2024; Accepted 21 June 2024; Issue published 04 September 2024

Abstract

Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) is induced by a derivative of vitamin A and is known to regulate many important biological processes and control the development of cancer. TIG1 is widely expressed in various tissues; yet in many cancer tissues, it is not expressed because of the methylation of its promoter. Additionally, the expression of TIG1 in cancer cells inhibits their growth and invasion, suggesting that TIG1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene. However, in some cancers, poor prognosis is associated with TIG1 expression, indicating its protumor growth characteristics, especially in promoting the invasion of inflammatory breast cancer cells. This review comprehensively summarizes the roles of the TIG1 gene in cancer development and details the mechanisms through which TIG1 regulates cancer development, with the aim of understanding its various roles in cancer development.

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Keywords

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