Open Access

REVIEW

Pathogenic genes associated with Parkinson’s disease: molecular mechanism overview

TINGTING LIU^1,#, YIWEI HAO^2,#, LIFENG ZHAO^2,*

1 School of Life Sciences, Institute for Brain Sciences Research, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
2 Pharmaceutical Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital Inner Mongolia Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China

* Corresponding Author: LIFENG ZHAO. Email:
# The authors Tingting Liu and Yiwei Hao contributed equally

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Exploring the Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases)

BIOCELL 2024, 48(5), 707-729. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2024.049130

Received 28 December 2023; Accepted 21 February 2024; Issue published 06 May 2024

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, accounting for more than 1% of the population aged 65 years. Monogenic inheritance is relatively rare in PD, accounting for approximately 5% to 10% of PD patients, and there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that multiple genetic risk factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PD. Several groups have identified and reported a number of genes carrying mutations associated with affected family members. Mutated genes associated with PD are also candidates for idiopathic PD, and these genes may also carry other mutation sites that increase risk. When multiple genetic risk factors are combined, the risk of PD is increased to a greater extent, and to unravel the pathogenic pathways that lead to different forms of PD. This review focuses on the association of PD genes, such as Parkinson Disease 1–24 (PARK1–24), glucosylceramidase (GBA), GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1), fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20), nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (NURR1), NUS1 dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase subunit (NUS1), diacylglycerol Lipase Beta (DAGLB), transmembrane protein (TMEM), ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1), glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B protein (GPNMB), dynactin 1 (DCTN1), LDL receptor related protein 10 (LRP10), monoamine oxidase (MAO), ataxin 2 (ATXN2), microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT), pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2), spastic parapplegia type 11 (SPG11), polymer gamma (POLG), TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1 (TAF1), dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1a), and crystallin alpha A (CRYAA), with the pathogenesis of PD. We introduce what is currently known about the molecular genetics of PD to help explain the molecular mechanisms leading to the neurodegenerative disease.

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Supplementary Material

Supplementary Material File

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