Open Access

REVIEW

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist: From synthesis to therapeutic applications

KANWAL REHMAN¹, AMMARA AFZAAL², MUHAMMAD SAJID HAMID AKASH^2,*, MUHAMMAD IMRAN^3,4, MOHAMMED A. ASSIRI^3,4

1 Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
3 Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 62413, Saudi Arabia
4 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62413, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: MUHAMMAD SAJID HAMID AKASH. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cell-Based Regenerative Therapies)

BIOCELL 2023, 47(4), 809-823. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2023.025850

Received 01 August 2022; Accepted 23 September 2022; Issue published 08 March 2023

Abstract

The cytokine channel’s mechanism for self-regulation involves the application of antagonistic cytokines that are synthesized to connect to the receptors and release soluble cytokine receptors. The very first receptor antagonist of cytokine that was naturally present was interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). The IL-1Ra protein forms are disinfected from supernatants of cultured monocytes on stacked IgG. The family of IL-1 consists of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-1Ra. Human monocytes regulate the production of IL-Ra. IL-Ra takes part in normal physiological functions by using specific antibodies, and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. IL-Ra is synthesized in the tissues during the period of active disease and can be systematically measured and/or estimated. Maintenance of the levels of IL-Ra and IL-1 is the main factor for host resistance in patients during diseased conditions, as IL-Ra acts as an inherent regulator of various inflammatory responses. In this article, we focuse on how IL-Ra is synthesized and performs its functions once the inflammatory responses are activated.

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Keywords

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