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M1 macrophage-derived exosomes moderate the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
1 Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China
2 Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, 417000, China
* Corresponding Author: CHUNGUANG DUAN. Email:
# These authors contributed equally to this work
BIOCELL 2022, 46(2), 495-503. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2022.015214
Received 01 December 2020; Accepted 22 April 2021; Issue published 20 October 2021 Retracted 15 November 2021
A retraction of this article was approved in:
Retraction: M1 macrophage-derived exosomes moderate the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
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Abstract
Differentiated macrophages have been proven to participate in the development of mesenchymal stem cells in different tissues. However, the regulatory processes remain obscure. Exosomes, which are key secretions of macrophages, have attracted increasing attention. Therefore, macrophage-derived exosomes may modulate the development of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). Different culture conditions were used to induce M1 polarization in THP1 cells. Subsequently, exosomes derived from unpolarized (M0) and polarized (M1) macrophages were isolated, BMMSCs were cultured with normal complete medium or inductive medium supplemented with M0 or M1 derived exosomes, and the osteogenic capacity of the BMMSCs was measured and analyzed. Finally, molecular mechanism associated with Akt and RUNX2 was investigated. Alizarin red staining and WB experiments showed that M1 macrophages could promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs better than M0 macrophages. Then, exosomes derived from M0 and M1 macrophages were successfully isolated and analyzed by electron microscopy and WB experiments. We concluded that media containing M1-derived exosomes promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs better than media containing M0-derived exosomes. In addition, M1-derived exosomes could activate Akt and increase RUNX2 levels to promote osteogenesis. Our data demonstrated that exosomes derived from M1 macrophages induced osteogenesis by activating Akt and increasing RUNX2 level.Keywords
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