Open Access

VIEWPOINT

Osteocyte pericellular and perilacunar matrices as markers of bone–implant mechanical integrity

RéMY GAUTHIER^1,*, HéLèNE FOLLET², ANA-MARIA TRUNFIO-SFARGHIU³, DELPHINE FARLAY², NINA ATTIK^4,5, SYLVAIN MEILLE¹, JéRôME CHEVALIER¹, DAVID MITTON⁶

1 Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, MATEIS, UMR5510, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France
2 Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR 1033, Lyon, F-69008, France
3 Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5259, LaMCoS, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France
4 Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
5 Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d’Odontologie, Lyon, F-69008, France
6 Université de Lyon, Université Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T 9406, Lyon, F-69622, France

* Corresponding Author: RéMY GAUTHIER. Email:

BIOCELL 2022, 46(10), 2209-2216. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2022.022290

Received 02 March 2022; Accepted 10 March 2022; Issue published 13 June 2022

Abstract

To develop durable bone healing strategies through improved control of bone repair, it is of critical importance to understand the mechanisms of bone mechanical integrity when in contact with biomaterials and implants. Bone mechanical integrity is defined here as the adaptation of structural properties of remodeled bone in regard to an applied mechanical loading. Accordingly, the authors present why future investigations in bone repair and regeneration should emphasize on the matrix surrounding the osteocytes. Osteocytes are mechanosensitive cells considered as the orchestrators of bone remodeling, which is the biological process involved in bone homeostasis. These bone cells are trapped in an interconnected porous network, the lacunocanalicular network, which is embedded in a bone mineralized extracellular matrix. As a consequence of an applied mechanical loading, the bone deformation results in the deformation of this lacunocanalicular network inducing a shift in interstitial fluid pressure and velocity, thus resulting in osteocyte stimulation. The material environment surrounding each osteocyte, the so called perilacunar and pericellular matrices properties, define its mechanosensitivity. While this mechanical stimulation pathway is well known, the laws used to predict bone remodeling are based on strains developing at a tissue scale, suggesting that these strains are related to the shift in fluid pressure and velocity at the lacunocanalicular scale. While this relationship has been validated through observation in healthy bone, the fluid behavior at the bone-implant interface is more complex. The presence of the implant modifies fluid behavior, so that for the same strain at a tissue scale, the shift in fluid pressure and velocity will be different than in a healthy bone tissue. In that context, new markers for bone mechanical integrity, considering fluid behavior, have to be defined. The viewpoint exposed by the authors indicates that the properties of the pericellular and the perilacunar matrices have to be systematically investigated and used as structural markers of fluid behavior in the course of bone biomaterial development.

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