Open Access
REVIEW
Anton Tkachenko*
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.063301
Abstract Ferroptosis is an iron-driven, phospholipid hydroperoxide-mediated cell death, which has recently emerged as an attractive tool in cancer research due to its ability to govern the anti-tumor immune response. A growing research interest in ferroptosis biology has revealed the contribution of this regulated cell death to multiple diseases. In addition to iron, ferroptosis has been reported to be triggered by multiple heavy metals, which sheds light on the novel aspects of heavy metals-induced cytotoxicity. In this review, the ability of zinc, an essential biogenic element with a wide array of biological functions, to modulate ferroptosis… More >
Open Access
COMMENTARY
Nicholas T. Bello1, Bonnie L. Firestein2, Maribel Vazquez3,*
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.061810
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases)
Abstract Neurodegeneration of retinal tissue leads to progressive vision loss in millions of working-age adults each year. Metabolic alterations caused by modern diets that are high in fats and sugars contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy. Chronic, diet-induced metabolic changes are linked to high glucose and harmful, pro-inflammatory compounds in the blood, called advanced glycation end products (AGEs), that can alter the integrity of neurovascular barriers. AGEs-induced changes to the permeability of the inner blood-retinal barrier can lead to progressive vision loss with disparate impacts in patients with low estrogen, such as via natural aging More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xiaojian Chen1,2,#, Zhujiang Dai1,#, Qiang Wang3, Wei Chen1, Yun Liu1,*, Zhongchuan Wang1,*
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.059286
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Genetic Biomarkers of Cancer: Insights into Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms)
Abstract Background: Nudix Hydrolase 21 (NUDT21) is crucial for the regulation of alternative polyadenylation, with its reduced expression frequently resulting in a shortened mRNA 3′ untranslated region (UTR), thereby enhancing the protein levels of downstream genes. Although NUDT21 is widely recognized for its tumor-suppressive function in various cancers, its involvement in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains poorly understood. Methods: The expression of NUDT21 in CRC and adjacent normal tissues was analyzed through qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, we investigated the correlation between NUDT21 expression and patient prognosis. With Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and Transwell assay, we… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Dmitriy Vladimirovich Karpenko*
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.062791
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Exploring the Role of Cancer Stem Cells)
Abstract Cancer is a highly heterogeneous pathology that poses a significant threat to millions of lives worldwide. In recent decades, there has been a substantial advancement in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying oncogenesis. Contemporary models now take into account the intricate interplay between cancer cells, immune cells, and other non-pathological cells during oncogenesis. The identification of small subpopulations of cancer stem cells has emerged as a crucial area of research, as these cells have been associated with cancer progression and resistance to various therapeutic interventions. The ability to distinguish between cancer stem cells and non-pathological… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Gege Liu#, Houfang Zhang#, Yunhui Peng*
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.061470
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Genetic Biomarkers of Cancer: Insights into Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms)
Abstract Nucleosomes play a vital role in chromatin organization and gene regulation, acting as key hubs that interact with various chromatin-associated factors through diverse binding mechanisms. Recent research has highlighted the prevalence of mutations in linker histones across different types of cancer, emphasizing their critical involvement in cancer progression. These cancer-associated mutations in linker histones have been shown to disrupt nucleosome stacking and the formation of higher-order chromatin structures, which in turn significantly affect epigenetic regulatory processes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of how cancer-associated linker histone mutations alter their physicochemical properties, influencing More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Xiaobing Li1,2, Yongsheng Liu1, Limin Wei1, Li Rao1, Jingxin Mao1,, Xuemei Li3,
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.062124
Abstract Yeast-based models have become a powerful platform in pharmaceutical research, offering signicant
potential for producing complex drugs, vaccines, and therapeutic agents. While many current drugs were discovered
before fully understanding their molecular mechanisms, yeastsystems now provide valuable insightsfor drug discovery
and personalized medicine. Recent advancements in genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology
have improved the efficiency and scalability of yeast-based production systems, enabling more sustainable and costeffective
manufacturing processes. This paper reviews the latest developments in yeast-based technologies, focusing
on their use as model organisms to study disease mechanisms, identify drug targets, and develop… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Alena A. Semenova1,*, Anastasia D. Igoshkina1, Alena A. Cherepanova1, Natalia V. Mikina1, Anastasia E. Stepanova1, Olga E. Krasnoshchekova1, Vyacheslav A. Sharapov1, Rimma G. Savchenko2, Lyudmila V. Parfenova2, Mikhail V. Dubinin1
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.061798
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Metabolic and Neuromuscular Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies)
Abstract Objectives: Skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs as a result of a marked reduction
in arterial perfusion to a limb and can lead to tissue death and threaten limb viability. TTis work assessed the effects
of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) on hindlimb skeletal tissue following tourniquet-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Methods: Animals were divided into 4 groups—control group (Control), Control + 20E (C + 20E), mice with IRI (IRI),
and mice with IRI + 20E (IRI + 20E). IRIwas modeled by applying a tourniquet to the hind limb for 2 hwith reperfusion
for 1 h. 5 mg/kg of 20E was… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Qing Wang, Luyao Cai, Shouyi Tang, Dan Pan, Zhen Wang, Qianming Chen, Yu Zhou*, Yingqiang Shen*
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.060045
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Stem Cells Therapy in Health and Disease)
Abstract Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are cancer cells with self-renewal and tumorigenesis abilities. CSCs in tumor tissues are the leading cause of tumor progression, recurrence, and drug resistance. CSCs have distinct metabolic features that contribute to maintaining their self-renewal and stemness. Phospholipids are essential components of cell membranes and play fundamental roles in cellular activities. CSCs have abnormal phospholipid metabolism, which affects their self-renewal, differentiation, invasion, and drug resistance. Compared with non-CSCs, the phospholipid metabolism of CSCs mainly focused on significantly increased fatty acid (FAs) and phospholipids synthesis, phospholipid unsaturation, and lipolysis-fatty acid oxidation (FAO). In More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
REVIEW
Ayda Baghery Saghchy Khorasani1, Mahda Delshad2, Mohammad-Javad Sanaei2,3, Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi2, Ali Pirsalehi4, Davood Bashash2,*
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.059970
Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is critically involved in HCC pathogenesis, stimulating uncontrolled cell proliferation, survival, and tumor progression. The overactivation of this pathway is strongly linked to poor prognosis, making it a crucial target for therapeutic intervention. The oncogenic roles of PI3K/AKT/mTOR components in HCC have been highlighted, noting that class I PI3K deregulation, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) upregulation, and mTOR overexpression could be associated… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Darya Ivashkevich, Arina Ponomarenko*, Igor Manzhulo, Inessa Dyuizen
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.061606
Abstract The high prevalence of obesity and associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the population determines the increased interest in identifying molecular targets for regulating the processes underlying these pathologies. The search for new endogenous bioregulators of lipid metabolism and their inclusion in therapeutic regimens for the treatment of patients is becoming a potentially promising direction in science and medicine. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous lipid mediator capable of exerting multiple hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects mediated by agonism with receptors of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family (PPAR-α and PPAR-γ). This review focuses on More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Giuseppe Carota1, Lucia Di Pietro2,3, Vincenzo Cardaci4, Anna Privitera1,2, Francesco Bellia1, Valentina Di Pietro5, Giuseppe Lazzarino1, Barbara Tavazzi6, Angela Maria Amorini1, Giacomo Lazzarino6, Giuseppe Caruso6,7,*
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.062176
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Macrophages and Microglia Dysfunction in Systemic and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets)
Abstract Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally occurring endogenous peptide widely distributed in excitable tissues, such as the heart and brain. Over the years, several beneficial effects of carnosine have been discussed well in scientific literature. In particular, this dipeptide is well-known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aggregation activities. It is of great interest in the context of numerous systemic and neurodegenerative diseases, besides performing important “side activities” such as metal chelation and pH-buffering. Despite a plethora of preclinical and clinical data supporting carnosine’s therapeutic potential, researchers are still searching for new pharmacological targets that better highlight More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Nathan Isaac Dibal1,*, Martha Orendu Oche Attah1,2
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.060565
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Mitochondrial Dynamics and Oxidative Stress in Disease: Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets)
Abstract Oxidative stress is characterized by elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. At physiological levels, ROS work as signaling molecules, helping cells go through the cell cycle normally and keeping their balance. They also balance several physiological processes. However, a shift in the delicate balance between antioxidants and ROS results in aberrant cell death and deleterious effects. Elevated ROS is implicated in many diseases and disorders like diabetes, autoimmune diseases, infertility, and cardiovascular disorders. The imbalance disrupts normal cellular functions, including cell division. ROS are important regulators of the cell cycle, exerting both favorable and More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Olga Koval1,2,*, Maria Zhilnikova1, Maria Balantaeva1,2, Mikhail Biryukov1,2, Vasiliy Atamanov1,3
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.059987
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cell Death and Inflammation in Signaling and Diseases)
Abstract Melanomas are aggressive cancers, with a high rate of metastatic disease. Cutaneous (CM) and uveal (UM) melanomas are intrinsically different diseases, and most cell death inducers effective for CM do not function for UM. This is primarily due to the fact the eye is an immunologically privileged organ, and it fails to achieve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) comparable to that for CM. However, approaches utilizing specific melanoma-associated antigens are being developed for metastatic forms of CM and UM. The most promising to date are gp100 and tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1), primarily… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Juan Yang1,2,#, Jiahui Zhang3,#, Le Zhang1,2,*, Zhenshan Yang4,*
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.059908
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Mitochondrial Dynamics and Oxidative Stress in Disease: Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets)
Abstract With the prevalence of obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and can cause a series of serious complications. The pathogenesis of MASLD is complex, characterized by oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism, and cellular inflammation. Mitochondrial biology and function are central to the physiology of the liver. It has been suggested that mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a crucial role in MASLD progression. Excessive oxidative stress response is an important trigger for the occurrence and development of MASLD. In this review, we aim to More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Emmanuel Mago1, Jiayi Xu1, Dan Weng1,*, Yan Pan2,*
BIOCELL, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.059432
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cell Death and Inflammation in Signaling and Diseases)
Abstract Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) has emerged as a critical player in cancer biology, functioning as a cytosolic nucleic acid sensor that triggers PANoptosis, a form of programmed cell death that integrates pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Although ZBP1 was initially recognized for its role in antiviral defense, recent research has highlighted its importance in the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it is essential for suppressing tumor growth and proliferation. This review explores the multifaceted role of ZBP1 in various cancer types, emphasizing its ability to detect Z-nucleic acids and double-stranded RNAs, leading to the initiation of… More >
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