Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes more deaths and disability worldwide than any other traumatic injury, of which mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for 81.02%. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are emerging non-pharmacological treatments for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The purpose of this article is to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of MBIs for patients with mTBI and objectively evaluate the effects of MBIs on cognitive deficits, memory, attention, executive function, mental fatigue, and psychological symptoms in mTBI patients, providing support for their recovery. The results show that MBIs have specific effects on mental fatigue and cognitive deficits in patients with mTBI. However, the effect on psychological symptoms and the sustained effectiveness across all symptoms still need further exploration. Considering the particularity of military personnel suffering from mTBI, more studies targeting mTBI military personnel should be conducted.
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