Open Access

ARTICLE

Psychological Distress in the Association between Medical Education Changes and Clinical Learning Worry among Students Receiving Clinical Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan

Shikha Kukreti^1,#, Min-Chi Hsieh^2,#, Musheer A. Aljaberi³, Ru-Yi Huang^4,5,6, I-Ting Hwang⁷, Carol Strong², Jung-Sheng Chen⁸, Ming-Ta Hsieh^9,10,*, Mark D. Griffiths¹¹, Chung-Ying Lin^12,13,*, Nai-Ying Ko¹

1 Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
2 Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
3 Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nursing Science, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
4 Division of Family Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, 231405, Taiwan
5 School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 231036, Taiwan
6 Data Science Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
7 Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
8 Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824005, Taiwan
9 Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824005, Taiwan
10 School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824005, Taiwan
11 International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
12 Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
13 Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan

* Corresponding Authors: Ming-Ta Hsieh. Email: ; Chung-Ying Lin. Email:
# These authors contributed equally to be the co-first authors