Open Access

ARTICLE

Exploring the Impact of Crisis and Trauma on the Mental Health and Psychological Well-Being of University Students in Northern Haiti

Michael Galvin^1,2,3,*, Guesly Michel³, Henri-Claude Saintelmond⁴, Carolyn Lesorogol⁵, Jean-François Trani⁵, Lora Iannotti⁵

1 Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, USA
2 Boston University, Boston, 02215, USA
3 Centre de Santé Mental de Morne Pelé, Cap-Haïtien, 2697, Haiti
4 Université Publique du Nord au Cap-Haïtien, Cap-Haïtien, 2697, Haiti
5 Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, 63130, USA

* Corresponding Author: Michael Galvin. Email:

International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2023, 25(2), 173-191. https://doi.org/10.32604/ijmhp.2023.018800

Received 18 August 2022; Accepted 27 October 2022; Issue published 02 February 2023

Abstract

In recent decades, Haiti has been subject to man-made and natural disasters that have left its citizens vulnerable to a range of shocks. With a weak state unable to protect its populace, Haitians are exposed to some of the highest levels of poverty and violence in the Western Hemisphere. In recent years, Haitians have experienced two crises that this study analyzes: the instability and political violence of “peyi lòk” as well as the global pandemic of COVID-19. This community-based assessment explores the impact of these two crises on the mental health and psychological well-being of 38 Haitian university students in the understudied northern part of the country. Results indicate that both crises had similarities related to their psychological effects on young people, most notably in terms of traumatic experiences related to threats or violence, forced confinement, and large increases in population-wide uncertainty. Additionally, the extreme violence of “peyi lòk” and the widespread unpredictability of COVID-19 and its effects in the early days of the pandemic resulted in high levels of stress and fear. Both crises also resulted in extreme economic hardship for students, with many reporting difficulties accessing basic needs such as food and water. This study highlights how converging population-level crises in “complex emergencies” can heighten trauma and compromise mental health.

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Keywords

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