Open Access

ARTICLE

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Smartphone Addiction among Adolescents–A Nationwide Study in Malaysia

Kai Wei Lee¹, Siew Mooi Ching^2,*, Norsiah Ali³, Chor Yau Ooi⁴, Shahnul Kamal Hj Sidek⁵, Azlin Amat⁶, Yusnita Yatim⁷, Zaiton Yahaya⁸, Nabihah Shamsuddin⁹, Idora Ibrahim¹⁰, Fauzia Abdul Majid¹¹, Fazlin Suhana Othman¹², Nik Suhaila Zakaria¹³, Artini Abidin¹⁴, Nor Hazlin Talib¹⁵, Dhashani Sivaratnam¹⁶

1 Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
2 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia
3 Klinik Kesihatan Masjid Tanah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Masjid Tanah, 78300, Malaysia
4 Department of Family Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300, Malaysia
5 Klinik Kesihatan Tanjung Malim, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Tanjung Malim, 35900, Malaysia
6 Klinik Kesihatan Hiliran, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Terengganu, 20300, Malaysia
7 Klinik Kesihatan Bandar Pekan, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Pekan, 26600, Malaysia
8 Klinik Kesihatan Sandakan, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sandakan, 90000, Malaysia
9 Klinik Kesihatan Serting Hilir, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Bandar Seri Jempol, 72120, Malaysia
10 Klinik Kesihatan Kuala Perlis, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Perlis, 02000, Malaysia
11 Klinik Kesihatan Kempas, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81200, Malaysia
12 Klinik Kesihatan Kuala Kedah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Kedah, 06600, Malaysia
13 Klinik Kesihatan Bandar Gua Musang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Gua Musang, 18300, Malaysia
14 Klinik Kesihatan Kepala Batas, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kepala Batas, 13200, Malaysia
15 Klinik Kesihatan Kajang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kajang, 43000, Malaysia
16 Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia

* Corresponding Author: Siew Mooi Ching. Email: