TY - EJOU AU - Volakis, John L. AU - Sertel, Kubilay AU - Jørgensen, Erik AU - Kindt, Rick W. TI - Hybrid Finite Element and Volume Integral Methods for Scattering Using Parametric Geometry T2 - Computer Modeling in Engineering \& Sciences PY - 2004 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1526-1506 AB - In this paper we address several topics relating to the development and implementation of volume integral and hybrid finite element methods for electromagnetic modeling. Comparisons of volume integral equation formulations with the finite element-boundary integral method are given in terms of accuracy and computing resources. We also discuss preconditioning and parallelization of the multilevel fast multipole method, and propose higher-order basis functions for curvilinear quadrilaterals and volumetric basis functions for curvilinear hexahedra. The latter have the desirable property of vanishing divergence within the element but non-zero curl. In addition, a new domain decomposition is introduced for solving array problems involving several million degrees of freedom. Three orders of magnitude CPU reduction is demonstrated for such applications. KW - Radar scattering KW - antenna radiation KW - magnetic materials KW - volume integral equations KW - finite-element boundary-integral method KW - fast multipole method KW - parallelization KW - preconditioning KW - curvilinear elements KW - higher-order basis functions DO - 10.3970/cmes.2004.005.463