Open Access

ARTICLE

Radiative Blood-Based Hybrid Copper-Graphene Nanoliquid Flows along a Source-Heated Leaning Cylinder

by Siti Nur Ainsyah Ghani¹, Noor Fadiya Mohd Noor^1,2,*

1 Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
2 Center for Data Analytics Consultancy & Services (UM-CDACS), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia

* Corresponding Author: Noor Fadiya Mohd Noor. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Numerical Modeling and Simulations on Non-Newtonian Flow Problems)

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024, 139(1), 1017-1037. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2023.031372

Received 07 June 2023; Accepted 13 September 2023; Issue published 30 December 2023

Abstract

Variant graphene, graphene oxides (GO), and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) dispersed in blood-based copper (Cu) nanoliquids over a leaning permeable cylinder are the focus of this study. These forms of graphene are highly beneficial in the biological and medical fields for cancer therapy, anti-infection measures, and drug delivery. The non-Newtonian Sutterby (blood-based) hybrid nanoliquid flows are generalized within the context of the Tiwari-Das model to simulate the effects of radiation and heating sources. The governing partial differential equations are reformulated into a nonlinear set of ordinary differential equations using similar transformational expressions. These equations are then transformed into boundary value problems through a shooting technique, followed by the implementation of the bvp4c tool in MATLAB. The influences of various parameters on the model’s non-dimensional velocity and temperature profiles, reduced skin friction, and reduced Nusselt number are presented for detailed discussions. The results indicated that Cu-GNP/blood and Cu-GO/blood hybrid nanofluids exhibit the lowest and highest velocity distributions, respectively, for increased nanoparticles volume fraction, curvature parameter, Sutterby fluid parameter, Hartmann number, and wall permeability parameter. Conversely, opposite trends are observed for the temperature distribution for all considered parameters, except the mixed convection parameter. Increases in the reduced skin friction magnitude and the reduced Nusselt number with higher values of graphene/GO/GNP nanoparticle volume fraction are also reported. Finally, GNP is identified as the superior heat conductor, with an average increase of approximately 5% and a peak of 7.8% in the reduced Nusselt number compared to graphene and GO nanoparticles in the Cu/blood nanofluids.

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