Open Access

ARTICLE

Robust Facial Biometric Authentication System Using Pupillary Light Reflex for Liveness Detection of Facial Images

Puja S. Prasad¹, Adepu Sree Lakshmi¹, Sandeep Kautish², Simar Preet Singh³, Rajesh Kumar Shrivastava³, Abdulaziz S. Almazyad⁴, Hossam M. Zawbaa⁵, Ali Wagdy Mohamed^6,7,*

1 CSE Department, Geethanjali College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, 501301, India
2 Department of Computer Science, LBEF Campus, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
3 School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology (SCSET), Bennett University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
4 Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 51178, Riyadh, 11543, Saudi Arabia
5 CeADAR Ireland’s Centre for AI, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, D07 EWV4, Ireland
6 Operations Research Department, Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical Research, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
7 Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, 11937, Jordan

* Corresponding Author: Ali Wagdy Mohamed. Email: