Open Access

ARTICLE

Flow Breakdown of Hybrid Nanofluid on a Rigid Surface with Power Law Fluid as Lubricated Layers

by Mirza Naveed Jahangeer Baig¹, Nadeem Salamat¹, Sohail Nadeem^2,3,*, Naeem Ullah², Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida^4,5,6, Hassan Ali Ghazwani⁷, Sayed M. Eldin⁸, A. S. Al-Shafay⁹

1 Instituite of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
2 Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
3 Department of Mathematics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
4 College of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia
5 Research Laboratory of Ionized Backgrounds and Reagents Studies (EMIR), Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of Monastir (IPEIM), University of Monastir, Monastir, 5060, Tunisia
6 Higher School of Sciences and Technology of Hammam Sousse, Department of Physics, Jazan, 82511, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
7 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of engineering, Jazan University, P. O. Box 45124, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
8 Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
9 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 16436, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: Sohail Nadeem. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Numerical Modeling and Simulations on Non-Newtonian Flow Problems)

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024, 138(2), 1485-1499. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2023.029351

Received 14 February 2023; Accepted 14 June 2023; Issue published 17 November 2023

Abstract

This work investigates an oblique stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluid over a rigid surface with power law fluid as lubricated layers. Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag) solid particles are used as hybrid particles acting in water H₂O as a base fluid. The mathematical formulation of flow configuration is presented in terms of differential system that is nonlinear in nature. The thermal aspects of the flow field are also investigated by assuming the surface is a heated surface with a constant temperature T. Numerical solutions to the governing mathematical model are calculated by the RK45 algorithm. The results based on the numerical solution against various flow and thermal controlling parameters are presented in terms of line graphs. The specific results depict that the heat flux increases over the lubricated-indexed parameter.

---

Keywords

---