Open Access
ARTICLE
New Configurations of the Fuzzy Fractional Differential Boussinesq Model with Application in Ocean Engineering and Their Analysis in Statistical Theory
1
Department of Mathematics, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
2
Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
3
Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, UET Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
* Corresponding Author: Saima Rashid. Email:
Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023, 137(2), 1573-1611. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2023.027724
Received 11 November 2022; Accepted 21 February 2023; Issue published 26 June 2023
Abstract
The fractional-order Boussinesq equations (FBSQe) are investigated in this work to see if they can effectively improve the situation where the shallow water equation cannot directly handle the dispersion wave. The fuzzy forms of analytical FBSQe solutions are first derived using the Adomian decomposition method. It also occurs on the sea floor as opposed to at the functionality. A set of dynamical partial differential equations (PDEs) in this article exemplify an unconfined aquifer flow implication. This methodology can accurately simulate climatological intrinsic waves, so the ripples are spread across a large demographic zone. The Aboodh transform merged with the mechanism of Adomian decomposition is implemented to obtain the fuzzified FBSQe in and (2nth)-order involving generalized Hukuhara differentiability. According to the system parameter, we classify the qualitative features of the Aboodh transform in the fuzzified Caputo and Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo fractional derivative formulations, which are addressed in detail. The illustrations depict a comparison analysis between the both fractional operators under gH-differentiability, as well as the appropriate attributes for the fractional-order and unpredictability factors σ ∈ [0, 1]. A statistical experiment is conducted between the findings of both fractional derivatives to prevent changing the hypothesis after the results are known. Based on the suggested analyses, hydrodynamic technicians, as irrigation or aquifer quality experts, may be capable of obtaining an appropriate storage intensity amount, including an unpredictability threshold.Keywords
Numerous multidimensional algorithms have previously been efficaciously constructed to study physical phenomena. The Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, for example, is primarily utilized to study the transmission of waves that propagate in one region of space, whilst the Boussinesq equation (BSQe) characterizes physical phenomena in multiple directions. The BSQe is furthermore applied to investigate various mechanisms that occur in magnetic fields in electrode materials [1], magnetosound vibrations in fluid [2] and ferroelectric vibrations in superparamagnetic [3]. Since the 1970s, these formulas and numerous others have piqued the interest of a huge proportion of theoretical physicists and cosmologists due to their usage in discovering the intrinsic structures of some intricate physical processes. As a result, various researchers have innovated and revealed a diversity of innovative strategies for creating numerical solutions for the majority of nonlinear PDEs. The finite difference method [4], the iterative process [5], the sine-cosine principle [6], the Weierstrass elliptic function approach [7], the tanh-sech technique [8], the F-expansion technique [9] and Hirota’s bilinear principle [10] are certain formulated instruction in ways and fundamentals. Other methodologies’ documentation can all be found in [11–13]. In this research, we will apply the fuzzified Aboodh transform in connection with the Adomian decomposition method to procure analytical findings of fourth-order time-FBSQe. In 1978, Bear [14] defined the conventional BSQe shown as:
where
When calculating the FBSQe, the following hypothesis are considered:
i. Assume that the Dupuit-Forchhimer assumptions, along with Darcy’s law, are valid.
ii. The liquid (water) is non-compressible in the constant volume.
iii. A power-law component governs the flux perturbations in the monitoring volume.
The (1) estimation was created as conducting an investigation into acoustic waves in tropical waters. This was later improved to address purification filtration issues in highly permeable groundwater structures. In addition, (1) is commonly used in oceanic and seaside renovation to rectify seawater desalination challenges in nanostructured subsurface structures. BSQe also has the potential to develop a procedure for an assortment of configurations that communicate with shallow aquifers’ liquidity and irrigation channels [15–17]. To calculate the FBSQe, the researchers [18] considered the index-law variability of fluid flow in detection capacity and fractional Taylor encapsulates. Studying BSQe [19] intermittent, nonlinear and concussive flow remedies were studied using fractional variational methods. Zhuang et al. [20] implemented two unique supercomputing methodologies for FBSQe: finite volume and finite element strategies relying on bifurcation-facilitating capabilities. Abassy et al. [21] used an re-configured VIM to generate an FBSQe. Wu et al. [22] optimised transfer function BSQe strategies for a concentration of underground water with interactively changeable floods. Mainstream calculus, however, is incompetent at addressing a situation like this. As a consequence, naturalistic explanations are needed to identify this issue. One of the most influential methodologies for attempting to articulate this situation is fuzzy set theory [23].
The researchers presented an innovative notion of fractional integral and derivative, known as the Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo fractional derivative (ABCFD) and integral, in [24], which extrapolates the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo integral and derivative into a standard pattern. The researchers suggested a discrete variant of the ABCFD and achieved a quantitative methodology for solving a linear FDE with ABCFD in [25,26]. The authors [27] looked into the chaotic behaviour and stabilization effects of FDEs within the ABCFD operator. In recent times, fuzzy interpretation and fuzzified DEs have been envisioned to tackle the unpredictability resulting from inadequate data in several quantitative or mathematical simulations of such predetermined real-world manifestations. So far, this hypothesis has also been established and a wide range of implementations have been considered in [28–30] and the descriptions herein. The notion of fuzzified sort Riemann-Liouville differentiability predicated on Hukuhara differentiability (HD) was introduced in [31], and the researchers developed the presence of certain fuzzified iterative methods utilizing adequate compressibility type prerequisites utilizing the Hausdorff estimate of non-compactness. Numerous techniques and strategies premised on HD or generalized HD (see [32]) were then recognized in a variety of studies in the literature [33,34], and we are currently analyzing several of these findings momentarily. Allahviranloo et al. [35] helped in providing an expressive approximate solutions to the fuzzified conic equations. The suggested system’s authenticity and perseverance were evaluated in attempt to show that it was intrinsically rigorous. Arqub et al. [36] developed the fuzzified FDE by incorporating the non-singular component into the differential implementation of the AB operator. Zhao et al. [37] considered a fuzzied-based method for dealing with the new therapeutic Corona-virus epidemic.
The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) is an operational approach for interacting with nonlinear functions that emerge in scientific domains; Adomian [38] became the best to introduce it. The outcome is interpreted as the cumulative of an infinite series that inevitably culminates in the intended correctness. Because this technique is precise and convenient, it does not require the use of an irreducible matrix, composite multivariable calculus, or infinite series viewpoints. There are no negative instances associated with this methodology. This approach has been utilized by many researchers [39,40].
Because of the foregoing tendency, figuring out the exact-approximate findings of fuzzified fractional PDEs is a complicated process. The objective of this scientific work was to establish a reliable technique for obtaining predicted values for a fuzzified FBSQe, such that a generalized BSQe with propagation components that are imprecise in initial conditions (ICs) due to the AADM, which designs the progression under consideration, so the AADM and the Aboodh transform are closely correlated and the ADM is referred to as the fuzzified AADM. The FBSQe has been investigated employing novel methodology. Furthermore, the truly innovative fractional derivative notion makes it easier to evaluate fuzzy FDEs rather than examining specific challenges with CFD and ABCFD operators. In addition, introducing the computational underpinnings for the fuzzy CFD and ABC fractional HD research findings necessitates a fuzzy derivative of fractional-order. In summary, we presented the comparison techniques for the aforementioned fractional derivatives using the analysis of variance technique. Illustrative findings suggest that both the techniques are reliable when fuzzy set theory is involved.
The organization of this paper is to clarify the influence of FBSQe as follows: Section 2 demonstrates the preliminary concepts of fractional calculus and fuzzy set theory. Section 3 elaborates on the roadmap of the semi-analytical technique in the convolution of fuzzy set theory, the Adomian decomposition method, and the Aboodh transform. Section 4 presents the test examples of the fourth-order FBSQe in
This section will attempt to make some basic observations about the Aboodh transform, in addition to certain key features pertaining to fuzzy set and fractional calculus theory. We refer to [24,26] for further documentation.
Definition 2.1. ([41,42]) A fuzzy set
1.
2.
3.
4.
Definition 2.2. ([41]) A
where
Definition 2.3. ([41]) A parametric representation of an
1.
2.
3.
Also,
Definition 2.4. ([43]) For
1.
2.
3.
Definition 2.5. ([44]) Suppose a fuzzy function
Definition 2.6. ([44]) Assume that a fuzzy function
then
Definition 2.7. ([45]) Let
Definition 2.8. ([45]) Consider
(i)
(ii)
All through this inquiry, we will employ the representation
Theorem 2.9. ([43]) Surmise that a fuzzy valued mapping
I.
II.
Definition 2.10. ([44]) Surmise that a fuzzy mapping
Thus, the parametric formulations of
where
Definition 2.11. Consider a fuzzy function
Therefore, the parametric version of
where
where the normalized function is denoted by
Initially, authors [46] described the novel transform. This notion is extended to fuzzy set analysis.
Definition 2.12. Aboodh transform for mapping
as
In (14),
In view of Salahshour et al. [47], we have
Furthermore, taking into account the classical Aboodh transform [46], we find
and
The aforementioned representations can then be documented as
In the context of the Aboodh transform, Awuya et al. [48] suggested the ABCFD formulation. Besides that, we apply the concept of fuzzified ABCFD in the context of a fuzzified Aboodh transform as shown below:
Definition 2.13. Suppose that
Also, implying the idea of Salahshour et al. [47], we have
3 Configuration of Semi-Analytical Scheme in Fuzzy the Sense
The following is an investigation of an iterative mechanism for accumulating numerical solutions to the one-dimensional FBSQe employing the CFD and ABCFD formulations in the fuzzified Aboodh transform:
supplemented with ICs
where
The parametric extension of (21) is shown as
Considering the Aboodh transform of the first foregoing scenario of (23), we get
Considering (22), then we have
Furthermore, the reconstructed mapping in the fuzzified ABCFD context
or likewise, we have
and
The solution to the unidentified sequence is written as
and the nonlinear component are treated by
where
Merging (24), (26) and (27) with (25), yields the following expressions:
and
We determine the aforementioned recursive expressions by fuzzified CFD and ABCFD operators using the inverse Aboodh transform and considering both sides analogous exponents of (29) and (30), respectively:
As an outcome, we get
As a consequence, the intended approximation is composed as
Practise the same procedure for the other part of (23). As a result, we display the solution as we try to follow:
4 Application to the Fuzzy FBSQe
In what follows, the sets of solutions to the FBSQe will be established here using an Aboodh transform associated with the ADM, which is articulated by the fuzzified CFD and ABCFD techniques.
4.1 Fourth-Order Fuzzy FBSQe in
Example 1. Surmise that the general 1D fuzzified FBSQe is denoted by
supplemented with fuzzified ICs
where
The parametric extension of (31) is shown as
Case I. To begin, we apply the Aboodh transform to the first part of (33), as well as
Considering the Aboodh transform of the first foregoing scenario of (33), we have
Considering (33), we have
or likewise, we have
The solution to the unidentified sequence is written as
and the nonlinear components are treated by
where
Inserting (35) and (36) into (34), yields the following expression:
Implementing the inverse Aboodh transform and comparing expressions on both sides of (37), we determine the aforementioned recursive expressions by fuzzified CFD as follows:
As a consequence, the intended approximation is composed as
implies that
Case II. To begin, we apply the Aboodh transform along with
Considering the Aboodh transform of the first foregoing scenario of (33), we have
or likewise, we have
The solution to the unidentified sequence is written as
and the nonlinear components are dealt by
where
Furthermore, by inserting (39) and (40) into (38), we have
Implementing the inverse Aboodh transform and comparing expressions on both sides of (41), we determine the aforementioned recursive expressions by fuzzified ABCFD as follows:
As a consequence, the intended approximation is composed as
implies that
• Fig. 1 demonstrates a 3D comparative assessment of the coupled solutions of
• The combination of various structural illustrations for varying fractional-orders, including the fuzzified CFD and ABCFD formulations, is shown in Figs. 2a and 2b. Furthermore, at
• The evaluation of the coupled inconsistencies between the fuzzified CFD and ABCFD formulations for distinctive fractional orders when
• Fig. 4 depicts the two-dimensional correlation of the upper precision of the fuzzified CFD and ABCFD formulations when
• The surface and two-dimensional comparisons by the fuzzified CFD and ABCFD techniques that exhibit the associations between the cloud cover and rainwater phase are shown in Fig. 5.
The major aspect is that the AADM has supplied a couple of solutions for the BSe, one of the best-known frameworks in groundwater resources in terms of mathematical complexity and intensity. Whenever the formulae in these strategies take on a special significance, they can be employed to classify relatively new structures of evapotranspiration contours, irrigation and external phenomena.
4.2 Generalized Fuzzy FBSQe in
Example 2. Surmise that the general one-dimensional fuzzified FBSQe is denoted by
supplemented with fuzzified ICs
where
The parametric extension of (42) is shown as
Case I. To begin, we implement the Aboodh transform to the initial part of (44) along with
Considering (44), we have
or likewise, we have
The solution to the unidentified sequence is written as
and the nonlinear components dealt by
where
Inserting (45) and (46) into (44), yields the following expression:
Implementing the inverse Aboodh transform and comparing expressions on both sides of (46), we determine the aforementioned recursive expressions by fuzzified CFD as follows:
As a consequence, the intended approximation is composed as
indicates that
Case II. To begin, we apply the Aboodh transform to the first part of (44) as well as
Considering the Aboodh transform of the first foregoing scenario of (44), we have
or likewise, we get
The solution to the unidentified sequence is written as
and the nonlinear components are dealt by
where
Inserting (47) and (50) into (48), then we have
Implementing the inverse Aboodh transform and comparing the expressions on both sides of (51), we determine the aforementioned recursive expressions by fuzzified ABCFD as follows:
As a consequence, the intended approximation is composed as
implies that
• Fig. 6 depicts a 3D correlation of the coupled solutions of
• Evaluation of diverse structural graphs for various fractional orders with the fuzzified CFD and ABCFD techniques is shown in Fig. 7. Furthermore, it can be demonstrated that by expanding the accurate depiction of hydrological cycle and aquifer complexities on steep topography in the fluid at
• The correlation of the coupled precision between the fuzzified CFD and ABCFD techniques for various fractional-orders, so if
• Fig. 9 depicts the 2D correlation of the upper accuracy and reliability of the fuzzified CFD and ABCFD techniques when
• Fig. 10 depicts the interfacial and 2D correlation by fuzzified CFD and ABCFD techniques that demonstrate the communications between the rain and evaporation procedures.
The key point is that AADM has furnished combinations of solutions for the FBSQe, being one of the most effective configurations in groundwater with low processing complexity and intensity. Whenever the elements in these solutions carry a specific meaning, they can be employed to identify completely new frameworks of hydrology graphs, fertigation, and physical phenomena.
4.3 (
Example 3. Surmise that the general one-dimensional (
supplemented with fuzzified ICs
where
The parametric extension of (52) is shown as
Case I. To begin, we implement the Aboodh transform to the initial part of (54) along with
Considering the Aboodh transform of the first foregoing scenario of (54), we have
Considering (54), we have
or likewise, we have
The solutions to the unidentified sequence is written as
and the nonlinear components dealt by
where
Inserting (56) and (57) into (55), yields the following expression:
Implementing the inverse Aboodh transform and comparing expressions on both sides of (58), we determine the aforementioned recursive expressions by fuzzified CFD as follows:
As a consequence, the intended approximation is composed as
indicates that
Case II. To begin, we apply the Aboodh transform to the first part of (33), as well as
Considering the Aboodh transform of the first foregoing scenario of (33), we have
or likewise, we have
The solution to the unidentified sequence is written as
and the nonlinear components are dealt by
where
Inserting (61) and (62) into (60), yields the following expression:
Implementing the outlined in the preceding inverse Aboodh transform and then comparing considerations on both sides of the aforementioned Eq. (63), we determine the respective recursive expressions by the fuzzified ABCFD operator. Therefore, with the assistance of these derivative features:
As a consequence, the intended approximation is composed as
indicates that
Now, perform a two-way analysis of variance on these documentation and examine whether there is a massive distinction between AADM’s ABCFD and CFD solutions.
(i) We develop the two null hypotheses that correlate to the challenges that
(a) there is no significant difference between the ABCFD data,
and
(b) there is no significant difference between the ABCFD data, as
(ii) The corresponding alternative hypothesis would be
(iii) The test-statistics to utilized with the level of significance is
which have
(iv) The critical regions are
(v) Since the computed value of
• The comparative assessment of coupled results calculated by employing the fuzzified CFD, ABCFD technique, and Xu’s optimization technique is shown in Table 1. In addition, Tables 2 and 3 displays the comparison evaluation for the CFD and ABCFD techniques corresponding with the AADM and the outcomes supplied by [49]. All our findings indicate that our conclusions are concise and valid.
• Fig. 11a depicts a 3D analysis of the coupled solutions of
• The distinction of various structural graphs for distinct fractional-orders to the fuzzified CFD and ABCFD techniques is shown in Figs. 12a and 12b. Furthermore, at
• The correlation of the coupled accuracies between the fuzzified CFD and ABCFD techniques for various fractional-orders when
• Fig. 14 depicts the 2D correlation of the upper precision of the fuzzified CFD and ABCFD techniques when
• The horizon and 2D comparisons by the fuzzified CFD and ABCFD techniques that exhibit the connections between the snowfall and groundwater methodology are illustrated in Fig. 15.
• The key point is that AADM has furnished a couple of findings for the FBSQe, among which the tendencies for effective models in groundwater, to low processing complexity and density. Whenever the parameters in these strategies take on a special significance, they may be employed to identify completely new frameworks of rainfall-runoff peaks, drainage systems, and physical phenomena.
This relatively new family of results enables the exploration and advancement of geothermal regimens using FBSE in accordance with the fuzzy concept. While other techniques are influenced by
Funding Statement: The authors received no specific funding for this study.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to report regarding the present study.
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