Open Access
ARTICLE
A Systematic Approach for Exploring Underground Environment Using LiDAR-Based System
Tareq Alhmiedat1,2,*, Ashraf M. Marei1,2, Saleh Albelwi1,2, Anas Bushnag2, Wassim Messoudi2, Abdelrahman Osman Elfaki2,*
1
Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
2
Faculty of Computers & Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
* Corresponding Authors: Tareq Alhmiedat. Email: ; Abdelrahman Osman Elfaki. Email:
Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023, 136(3), 2321-2344. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2023.025641
Received 23 July 2022; Accepted 25 November 2022; Issue published 09 March 2023
Abstract
Agricultural projects in different parts of the world depend on underground water wells. Recently, there have been
many unfortunate incidents in which children have died in abandoned underground wells. Providing topographical
information for these wells is a prerequisite to protecting people from the dangers of falling into them, especially
since most of these wells become buried over time. Many solutions have been developed recently, most with the
aim of exploring these well areas. However, these systems suffer from several limitations, including high complexity,
large size, or inefficiency. This paper focuses on the development of a smart exploration unit that is able to investigate
underground well areas, build a 3D map, search for persons and animals, and determine the levels of oxygen and
other gases. The exploration unit has been implemented and validated through several experiments using various
experiment testbeds. The results proved the efficiency of the developed exploration unit, in terms of 3D modeling,
searching, communication, and measuring the level of oxygen. The average accuracy of the 3D modeling function
is approximately 95.5%. A benchmark has been presented for comparing our results with related works, and the
comparison has proven the contributions and novelty of the proposed system’s results.
Keywords
Cite This Article
Alhmiedat, T., Marei, A. M., Albelwi, S., Bushnag, A., Messoudi, W. et al. (2023). A Systematic Approach for Exploring Underground Environment Using LiDAR-Based System.
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 136(3), 2321–2344.